Serological test methods

Non-endoscopic testing methods include the urea breath test, serologic testing, and the stool antigen assay. Compared to endoscopic procedures, these tests are more comfortable, less expensive, and do not require a special procedure. The urea breath test is usually the first-line test to detect active... 

The practicing clinician has a number of different tests available to aid in the evaluation of patients with suspected hepatitis C. These include measurement of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, liver biopsy, serological tests (ELISA and recombinant immunoblot assay), and molecular methods for detection and quantitation of HCV RNA. 

Immunoassay Detection and assay of substances by serological (immunological) methods in most applications the substance in question serves as antigen, both in antibody production and in measurement of antibody by the test substance. 

Optimal therapy of patients with peptic ulcer disease (both duodenal and gastric ulcers) who are infected with K pylori requires antimicrobial treatment. To document infection with fcL pylori, endoscopic biopsy of the gastric mucosa or various noninvasive methods are available, including serologic tests and breath tests for urea. Figure 24.2 shows a biopsy sample with i . pylori closely associated with the gastric mucosa. Eradication of FL pylori results in rapid healing... 

Petteway, Jr., S.R., Reed, D.L., Tribe, D.E., and Kennedy, W.R. (1989). HIV recombinant proteins immunological analysis and applications as reagents for serological tests. In HIV Detection by Genetic Engineering Methods. P.A.Luciw and K.S.Steimer, eds. (New York Marcel Dekker), pp. 59 76. 

The test strain used for the preparation of the batch of reference material is Enterococcus faecium, which has been isolated from water. The idendification was based on (1) biochemical identification, (2) identification with the API-20-STREP method, and (3) serological testing for group D antigen, which confirmed the strain of Enterococcus faecium. These methods are described in details elsewhere [38]. 

Positive finding of antiphospholipid antibodies based on (1) an abnormal serum level of IgG or IgM anticardiolipin antibodies, (2) a positive test result for lupus anticoagulant using a standard method, or (3) a false-positive serologic test for syphilis known to be positive for at least 6 months and confirmed by Treponema pallidum immobilization or fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test. 

However, this is still considered as open to question by some authors (Dewd-NEY 1977) who point out that the BPO determinant may appear predominant only because the testing methods mostly used for detection of penicillin hypersensitivity (skin and serological tests) appear to be most sensitive for this type of determinant. 

Antibodies to erythromycin in humans have not as yet been found by in vitro methods. Serologic tests have been performed by Davies and Pepys (1975) who tried to find antibodies against spiramycin in a patient suffering from asthma and rash following contact with spiramycin at work, but the results were negative. 

A wide range of pathogenic bacteria can be detected in water samples, usually by culture methods. Most commonly, quantitative tests are carried out that require several steps preenrichment (= resuscitation), selective enrichment, isolation by plate culture, identification by biochemical and/or serological tests, and eventually epidemiological typing. 

None of these methods can be considered as exact, the sharpness of the separation depending on many factors, such as the pH of the mixture and the relative concentrations of proteins present. The individuality of the animal globulins is not yet clearly established, serological tests indicate that serum globuhn and lactglobulin are identical in the same species of animal. 

The detection of reactions mediated by specific IgE to agents triggering anaphylaxis may be achieved by means of serological methods serum-specific IgE, or by means of cellular tests which determine the release of basophil mediators (leukotrienes and histamine) or by means of the analysis of basophil expression markers, a technique known as the basophil activation test (BAT). 

---