Immunoassay for detection

Antibodies have been used extensively as diagnostic tools in many different formats, especially for measurement of protein and cytokine abundances. Applications of antigen arrays can be found in reverse immunoassays for detection of allergens and autoimmune antibodies. 

J. Tschmelak, G. Proll, and G. Gauglitz, Ultra-sensitive fully automated immunoassay for detection of propanil in aqueous samples steps of progress toward sub-nanogram per liter detection. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 379, 1004-1012 (2004). 

The standard urine immunoassay for detection of cocaine (23a) abuse during the gestation period of newborn babies was frequently found to yield negative results in cases where positive results were shown by extraction of meconium with a solvent, followed by HPLC. The drug and metabolites such as norcocaine (23b) and cocaethyline (23c) were detected140. See Section IV.C for an alternative analysis of cocaine. 

Wolters G, Kuijpers L, Kacaki J, Schuurs A. 1976. Solid-phase enzyme-immunoassay for detection of hepatitis B surface antigen. J Clin Pathol 29 873-879. 

Bromberg, A. and R. A. Mathies. Homogeneous immunoassay for detection of TNT and its analogues on a microfabricated capillary electrophoresis chip. Anal. Chem. 75, 1188-1195 (2003). 

Mild conjugation reactions have been used in an enzyme-linked immunoassay for detecting cephalexin residues in milk, hen tissues, and eggs. The assay was a double-antibody separation procedure based on use of a rabbit antiserum... 

Prior to application of immunoassays for detection of antigens, it is important to do a cost/benefit analysis to establish whether it adds value as compared to other analytical techniques. The value of immunoassay depends on its (1) performance versus other analytical techniques, (2) ease of use, (3) type of environment i.e., on site or in the field, (4) cost, and (5) return on investment (ROI) (48, 79, 80)... 

Medina, M.B. 2004. Development of a fluorescent latex immunoassay for detection of a spectinomycin antibiotic. J. Agric. Food Chem. 52 3231-3236. 

Piironen T, Laursen B, Pass J, List K, Gardsvoll H, Ploug M, et al. Specific immunoassays for detection of intact and cleaved forms of the urokinase receptor. Clin Chem 2004 50(ll) 2059-2068. 

Lenz, D.E., Broomfield, A.A., Cook, L.A. (1997a). The development of immunoassays for detection of chemical warfare agents. In m-CB Medical Treatment Symposium, May 26-30, 1997, Hradec Kralove, Abstracts, pp. 22-3. 

Monroe, D. (1989). Novel Liposome Immunoassays for Detecting Antigens, Antibodies, and Haptens. J. Liposome Res. 1 339 - 377. 

Matsunaga T, Maeda Y, Yoshino T et al (2007) FuUy automated immunoassay for detection of prostate-specific antigen using nano-magnetic beads and micro-polystyrene bead composites, Beads on Beads . Anal Chim Acta 597 331-339... 

Shyu H-F, Chiao D-J, Liu H-W et al. (2002a). Monoclonal antibody-based enzyme immunoassay for detection of ricin. Hybrid Hybridomics, 21, 69-73. 

Slinger, R., Milk, R., Gaboury, I., and Diaz-Mitoma, F. (2004) Evaluation of the QuickLab RSV test, a new rapid lateral-flow immunoassay for detection of respiratory syncytial virus antigen. J Clin Microbiol. 42, 3731-3733... 

Y. Gao, F. Lin, G. Hu, P. Sherman, and D. Li, Development of a novel electro-kinetically-driven microfluidic immunoassay for detection of Helicobacter... 

Kemp, D. J., and Cowman, A. F. (1981b). Direct immunoassay for detecting Escherichia coli colonies that contain polypeptides encoded by cloned DNA segments. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78,4520-4524. 

The Sakai group [62] developed an SPR sensor-based inhibition immunoassay for detection of morphine in buffer and in 1% human urine. They used an SPR sensor SPR-20 and immobilized morphine-BSA conjugates on the gold surface via physical adsorption. The addition of morphine to the anti-morphine antibody solution was found to reduce the SPR signal because of the inhibition effect of morphine. The detection limit of morphine in 1% urine was established at 2 ngmL ... 

Martins T B, Burlingame R, von Muhlen C A, et al. (2004). Evaluation of multiplexed fluorescent microsphere immunoassay for detection of autoantibodies to nuclear antigens. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 11 1054-1059. 

Ansfield M, Reaney SD, Jackman R (2000). Production of a sensitive immunoassay for detection of ruminant and porcine proteins, heated to >130°C at 2.7 bar, in compound animal feedstuffs. FoodAgric. Immunol, 12 273-284. 

TABLE 5.4 Summary of Commercially Available Lateral-Flow Immunoassays for Detection of... 

---