Serological methods

The detection of reactions mediated by specific IgE to agents triggering anaphylaxis may be achieved by means of serological methods serum-specific IgE, or by means of cellular tests which determine the release of basophil mediators (leukotrienes and histamine) or by means of the analysis of basophil expression markers, a technique known as the basophil activation test (BAT). 

Serological methods (mostly requiring one day) Latex agglutination... 

Serological techniques can detect target bacteria rapidly in mixtures, but their accuracy depends on the specificity of the antibody used. The use of monoclonal instead of polyclonal antibodies may increase specificity.49,52,58 However, because the same epitope can be present in more than one species, a monoclonal antibody against one species may cross-react with other bacteria.50 For this reason serological methods are not always successful for detection of bacteria in environmental samples and nucleic acid-based methods are now commonly used. 

In Figure 1, the structures of the Ra to Re lipopolysaccharides have been indicated. These incomplete lipopolysaccharides which are devoid of O chains and parts of the core are formed by R mutant strains which are defective in the synthesis of the O chain (Ra) or of the core (Rb-Re) (reviewed by Luderitz et al., 1982). Ra to Re lipopolysaccharides represent intermediates in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. They express distinct serological specificities since the respective terminal sugar units act as the main immunodeterminant. The different R lipopolysaccharides and the respective R mutants, therefore, can be differentiated by serological methods. 

DNA microarrays have many advantages. The whole operation is easier and more efficient than conventional serological methods or multiplex PCR. In our experience the results are repeatable and give good identification. A drawback is that it takes time to generate the necessary probes, and of course one needs to have the necessary... 

Hynes, S.O., Moran, A.P. Comparison of three serological methods for detection of Lewis antigens on the surface of Helicobacter pylori. FEMS Microbiol Lett 190 (2000) 67-72. 

An early use was development of a serological method based on anticarbohydrate antibodies which is used to identify bacteria causing infectious diseased in humans. A listing of pathogenic groups of streptococci is presented in Table 2. 

Kumar V, Jarzabek-Chorzelska M, Sulej J, Kamewska K, Farrell T, Jablonska S. Celiac disease and immunoglobulin a deficiency How effective are the serological methods of diagnosis Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2002 9 1295-1300. 

Although serological methods have yielded information which would be diflacult to obtain in any other way with small amounts of material, it is felt that chemical methods will still be required eventually in order to check the tentative conclusions which can be drawn. 

Correlation Studies between RIA and Other Serologic Methods... 

Because insect eggs do not contain myosin, the ELISA technique cannot detect infestation that contains only the egg stage. Johnson et al. (1973), however, claimed that fruit fly eggs can be detected by serological methods. The authors reported that the fruit fly eggs in fruit juices are detected by solid-phase radioimmunoassay as described by Johnson et al. (1971). 

Serological methods for estimating the specific weight of 146S are complicated since whole particles and subunits share most of the same epitopes. Thus,... 

Colominic acid, a homopolymer of (2->-8)-o -A/ -acetylneuraminic acid residues, is the Escherichia coli K1 capsular polysaccharide. Random 0-acetylation at C-7 and C-9 of the polysaccharide, as determined by n.m.r. spectroscopy, has been shown to be responsible for the alternating antigenic change (form variation) associated with the organism.A serological method has been established for the identification and isolation of the form variants. 

An agglutinin, identified by physical and serological methods as j32 glyco-protein, has been isolated from human serum by affinity chromatography on immobilized anti-(iS2-glycoprotein) antibody. ... 

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