Serial transmission

The serial data transmission mode finds its greatest use in multiple detector/convertor systems where data must be sent over moderate to long distances. It is easy to implement, has good noise immunity, and is quite reliable. Its main disadvantage is its moderate speed of transmission, around 3000 bytes/sec maximum, which might limit its use in some very hi t-speed applications. 

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Serial output ports (RS-232) are usually provided for serial transmission of data— usually in ASCII code as previously shown in Fig. 5. 

After the analog signal has been converted to digital form the next step is to make the digital data available to the computer. There are two major modes of signal transmission serial transmission and parallel transmission. 

In the serial mode, the digital word (number) is sent to the computer one bit at a time. Now a binary counter provides a parallel output since each of the output bits has its own data output channel and the value of each output bit is simultaneously available. To use a serial transmission scheme, this parallel output must be put into serial form. One way to accomplish this is to use a Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART). The detailed operation of the UART will not be given here as it is not germane to the subject of this book. It is sufficient to say that the heart of the UART is a shift register and the shift register is strobed by a signal from the computer that displaces the binary number, bit by bit, sequentially from the register to the computer. 

Although PrP-res is associated with TSE infectivity and has, at the biochemical level at least, some limited self-propagating activity, important questions remain about the PrP-only prion model for the TSE agent. For instance, why has no one been able to demonstrate the model s most basic prediction, that is, that PrP-sen alone can be induced to convert to an infectious agent that causes TSE disease when inoculated into animals Inoculation of a synthetic PrP peptide has induced a TSE-like disease in transgenic mice expressing a familial TSE associated mutant PrP, but the serial transmissibility of this disease remains to be determined (Kaneko et al, 2000). Why are 100,000 PrP-res molecules present per infectious unit Why is PrP-res not always found in infectious tissues (Lasmezas et al, 1997) Why are nucleic acids (Akowitz et al,... 

Hsiao, K.K., Groth, D., Scott, M., Yang, S.L., Serban, H., Rapp, D., Torchia, M., DeArmond, S.J., and Prusiner, S.B. (1994). Serial transmission in rodents of neurodegeneration from transgenic mice expressing mutant prion protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91, 9126-9130. 

Self-adaptive control, 436-38, 662-67 Self-regulating systems, 7, 34, 180 Self-tuning regulator, 437-38, 662-67 references, 447, 673 Serial transmission, digital signals, 561 Servo problem (see Feedback control)... 

IEEE standard 488-1978 interface represents a highly flexible, moderate-speed system that is well suited to general laboratory use. The IEEE-488 interface bus (IB) consists of 16 signal lines. Eight lines are used for data, five for bus management, and three lines are used to establish a temporary communication link, or handshake, between two devices that are properly attached to the bus. Because there are eight data lines, an 8-bit byte can be communicated in each handshake cycle. Thus 16-bit, 24-bit, etc. words (either instructions or data) can be communicated with sequential handshake cycles. This method is often referred to as bit parallel, byte serial transmission (Colloms [1983]). 

AES3. 1997. Serial Transmission Format for Two-Channel Linearly Represented Digital Audio Data. Audio Engineering Society, New York, N.Y. 

Microscopes are commonly identified by the radiation used, as optical or electron microscopes. A more fundamental distinction is whether the image is formed all at once, by lenses, or sequentially, point by point, by scanning. In computer terms, these would be described as parallel and serial transmission of information respectively. A TV image is an example of an image formed by scanning. The conventional optical microscope and the trans-... 

Even the first APIX generation included an EMC-optimized bit-serial transmission system for image data, making a transmission speed of 1 Gbit/s possible (via two shielded copper cables up to a distance of 20 m) [3]. In addition to the main channel, APIX offers two bi-directional sideband channels and these can... 

For off-board cable connections, there is no alternative to serial transmission. Serial transmission creates a demand for very high bandwidth. For instance, an uncompressed HD color video stream using YUV422 color space encoding... 

PROFlsafe takes into account any errors that may sneak into the standard serial transmission (repetition, loss, insertion, sequence error, delay, masquerade, data conuption, and addressing failures). It defines additional safety mechanisms that go beyond simple detection and error correction of the PROFIBUS access management. 

The Error correcting code ( CQ design simulates the serial transmission of data on a noisy line with single-bit error correction. The design consists of three processes, encoder, decoder, and noise. On the rising edge of new data. 

The value of the dynamic variable is represented as some encoding of the binary levels. Information in a digitally encoded system can be transmitted through the control loop by two methods the parallel transmission mode and the serial transmission mode. In the former method a separate wire is required for each binary digit in the word, whereas in the latter method a time sequence of pulses over a single wire transmits the whole word. 

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