Digital encoding

Recently, Teymour and coworkers developed an interesting computational technique called the digital encoding for copolymerization compositional modeling [20,21], Their method uses symbolic binary arithmetic to represent the architecture of a copolymer chain. Here, each binary number describes the exact monomer sequence on a specific polymer chain, and its decimal equivalent is a unique identifier for this chain. Teymour et al. claim that the... 

Krasner, 1979] Krasner, M. A. (1979). Digital encoding of speech and audio signals based on the perceptual requirements of the auditory system. Technical Report 535, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington. 

A DC motor is feedback-controlled by a current sub-control loop and a primary speed control loop. In order to close the control loop, the actual current value is fed back to the current control loop and a speed signal to the speed control loop. While current is measured in the power converter, a shaft encoder on the motor is required for speed signal feedback. Either a tacho-generator or a digital encoder is used as a speed transmitter. If speed measurement accuracy is not very important, the speed feedback can be measured via armature voltage. In this case, this measurement can also be done within the power converter. Static control accuracy reaches... 

This concept is one of the most difficult to quantitate. There are some relatively explicit definitions of information content for electronic communications. (For example, the Nyquist theorem defines the minimum sampling rate required in order to preserve the maximum frequency information in a periodic signal. And, the relationships between digital encoding formats and information content of a data base can be quantitated.) However, for the general problem of evaluating the results of instrumental measurements of chemical systems, the definitions for information content of data are very clear. 

MP3 files contain audio that is digitally encoded using an algorithm that compresses the data by a factor of about eleven but yields a reasonably faithful reproduction. The quahty of sound reproduced depends on the data sampling rate, the quality of the encoder, and the complexity of the signal. 

Letters that previously stood for words such as "disc," but now do not stand for three words. Taken together, they refer to a standard for digitally encoding music and video, and storing it in a CD-configured plastic medium. (Note that "disc" is spelled with a "c" when referring to music storage, but with a "k" if used for other purposes such as computer hard drive memories.)... 

Figure 3.9 (a) Synthesis of digitally encoded pol nners by automated phosphoramidite chemistry on a controlled pore glass solid support. 

FigMie 21.19 Digital encoding scheme for optical communications. (a) A high-power pulse of photons corresponds to a 1 in the binary format, (b) A low-power photon pulse represents a 0. 

The value of the dynamic variable is represented as some encoding of the binary levels. Information in a digitally encoded system can be transmitted through the control loop by two methods the parallel transmission mode and the serial transmission mode. In the former method a separate wire is required for each binary digit in the word, whereas in the latter method a time sequence of pulses over a single wire transmits the whole word. 

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