Infrared temperature sensor

Including infrared temperature sensor, (1 for tread production, 2 for SW production) type TXS LTP SF, including holding device, cover window, air blast device, and programming device with software data temp TX for windows. 

In a representative reaction, 1.0 mmol aniline derivatives, 1.1 mmol dihalides, and 1.1 mmol potassium carbonate in 2 mL of distilled water were placed in a 10 mL crimp-sealed thick-wall reaction tube equipped with a pressure sensor and a magnetic stirrer. Tlie reaction tube was placed in the MW cavity (CEM Discover Focused Microwave Synthesis System with a build-in infrared temperature sensor), operated at 120 + 5°C, power 80-100 Watt and pressure 65-70 psi, for 20 minutes. After completion of the reaction, the organic portion was extracted into ethyl acetate. Removal of the solvent... 

Brake clearance L (4 groups) Skin temperature of brakes (4 groups) High-frequency eddy current sensor Infrared temperature sensor Sensor installed on the brake block, surface parallel to the brake shoe back... 

Dynamic drum dryer models that have been developed so far can only predict the final temperature and moisture content. " These models cannot predict other important quality parameters and are only useful for steady process operation. With the advent of improved infrared technology, the moisture content can be measured by inference using infrared temperature sensors. ... 

Thermalert, Infrared temperature sensors, Raytek Corp. 

The requirement for use of IS devices does not restrict a designer. Rather it directs them to certain choices of equipment which have been designed for and are certified by lEC as available for use in hazardous areas with intrinsically safe barriers including 4—20 milliamp (mA) DC two-wire transmitters, thermocouples, resistance temperature detectors (RTDs), strain gages, pressure, flow, level switches, current/ pneumatic (l/P) converters, solenoid valves, proximity switches, infrared temperature sensors, potentiometers, EED indicating lights, and flowmeters with magnetic pickups. 

The other limit is the problem of temperature measurements. Classical temperature sensors could be avoided in relation to power level. Hence, temperature measurements will be distorted by strong electric currents induced inside the metallic wires insuring connection of temperature sensor. The technological solution is the optical fiber thermometers [35-39]. However, measurements are limited below 250 °C. For higher values, surface temperature can be estimated by infrared camera or pyrometer [38, 40], However, due to volumic character of microwave heating, surface temperatures are often inferior to core temperatures. 

The ETHOS MR is constituted of a multimode cavity very close to domestic oven with safety precautions. It can use standard glassware or glass (420 mL up to 2.5 bar) and polymer reactors (375 mL up to 200 °C and 30 bar) with magnetic stirring. The magnitude of microwave power available is 1 kW. The optical temperature sensor is immersed in the reaction vessel for quick response up to 250 °C. An infrared sensor is also available. A ceiling mounted is available in order to make connection with a conventional reflux system located outside the cavity or to ensure addition of reactants. 

A thermopile sensor generates an output voltage that depends on the temperature difference between its hot and cold contacts. For infrared temperature measurement, the hot contacts are normally thermally insulated and placed on a thin membrane, whereas the cold contacts are thermally connected to the metal housing. Infrared radiation, which is absorbed by the hot contacts of the thermopile, causes a temperature difference between hot and cold contacts. The resulting output voltage is a measure for the temperature difference between radiation source and cold contacts of the thermopile sensor. It is therefore necessary to measure also the temperature of the cold contacts by an additional ambient temperature sensor in order to determine the temperature of the radiation source. 

Another component in the circuit is a temperature sensor. The temperature sensor measures the actual temperature in the zone, converting it to a signal that is sent to the controller. The sensor may be in contact with metal or polymer. There are various types of sensors, including thermistors and infrared detectors, but the most common type is the thermocouple. 

The elements of an infrared melt temperature sensor are a sapphire window, an optical fiber, and a radiation sensor with associated signal-conditioning electronics as shown in Fig. 4.17. IR melt temperature probes are commercially available [85, 86] and fit in standard pressure transducer mounting holes. Because the sapphire window is flush with the barrel or die, the sensor does not protrude into the polymer melt. As a result, the sensor is less susceptible to damage, there is no chance of dead spots behind the sensor, and the melt velocities are not altered around the sensor. When melt velocities are changed, the melt temperatures will change as well. Therefore, the melt temperatures measured with an IR sensor are less affected by the actual measurement than with an immersion sensor. 

In reality, the temperature distribution is dynamic in other words, melt temperature changes with time. These changes can be significant, but short-term (0-10 seconds) temperature changes cannot be measured with a conventional melt temperature sensor because the thermal mass of the probe is too large. Infrared melt temperature measurement allows detection of rapid (millisecond range) melt temperature fluctuation [114-118]. 

Baleizao C, Nagl S, SchaferUng M, Berberan-Santos MN, Wolfbeis OS (2008) Dual fluorescence sensor for trace oxygen and temperature with unmatched range and sensitivity. Anal Chem 80 6449-6457 Barone PW, Baik S, HeUer DA, Strano MS (2005) Near-infrared optical sensors based on single-walled carbon nanotubes. Nat Mater 4(l) 86-92... 

Radiation thermometers sore used for remote (non-contact) sensing of temperature in situations where the contact sensors cannot be used. Operation is based on the principles of heat transfer through thermal radiation. Radiation thermometers focus the infrared energy from a heat source onto a black body (target) within the radiation thermometer enclosure (Fig. 18.23). One of the contact temperature sensors described previously is incorporated into the target to measure the target temperature. 

Plasma/electroluminescent display Thermometry Higher resolution, lower power requirement, low voltage operation Noncontact temperature sensing based on the change in the excitation and emission spectra, decay Hfetime and intensity of luminescence with temperature. Unlike infiaied temperature sensors, the measurements are not influenced by the infrared absorption by glass, water, gas, biological cells, and other materials... 

---