Sensitivity study

The development and validation of UTDefect has now progressed so far so that the program can be of real help in the development of testing procedures, in parametric and sensitivity studies and in such technical justifications that are used for qualifications of testing procedures. 

Human sensitization studies were negative at 10% solution (47). Undiluted benzyl alcohol produces moderate dermal irritation in guinea pigs and mild dermal irritation in rabbits (48,49). Severe eye irritation was noted in a rabbit study (50). Acute oral rat LD q values were reported between 1.23 and 3.10 g/kg (50—52). A dermal rabbit LD q value of 2.0 g/kg has been reported (49). Rats died after 2 h when exposed to a 200-ppm vapor concentration (53). Benzyl alcohol is readily oxidized in animals and humans to benzoic acid [65-85-0] which is then conjugated with glycine [56-40-6], and rapidly eliminated in the urine as hippuric acid [495-69-2] (54). 

Photochemical studies on the ring degradation of 3-hydroxy-l,2-benzisoxazole also yielded benzoxazolone, and (40), (41) and (42) (Scheme 14) were believed to be potential intermediates. Low temperature IR measurements indicated the presence of (42) during the photochemical reaction (73JA919, 71DIS(B)4483, 71JOC1088). Sensitization studies indicate that the rearrangement is predominantly a triplet reaction, and the keto tautomer is believed to be the key orientation for the photolysis. 

Numerical simulations are designed to solve, for the material body in question, the system of equations expressing the fundamental laws of physics to which the dynamic response of the body must conform. The detail provided by such first-principles solutions can often be used to develop simplified methods for predicting the outcome of physical processes. These simplified analytic techniques have the virtue of calculational efficiency and are, therefore, preferable to numerical simulations for parameter sensitivity studies. Typically, rather restrictive assumptions are made on the bounds of material response in order to simplify the problem and make it tractable to analytic methods of solution. Thus, analytic methods lack the generality of numerical simulations and care must be taken to apply them only to problems where the assumptions on which they are based will be valid. 

We have been discussing a class of penetration problems that are accurately modeled by two-dimensional calculations. There are many three-dimensional problems, however, that can be well approximated by two-dimensional analyses, and the greatly reduced computer memory and time requirements for such calculations make them attractive alternatives for scoping studies, or for parameter sensitivity studies. Although good quantitative predictions may not be obtained with such approximations, the calculations can be expected to reveal trends and qualitative results that will carry over to the full three-dimensional problem. 

A common process task involves heating a slurry by pumping it through a well-stirred tank. It is useful to know the temperature profile of the slurry in the agitated vessel. This information can be used to optimize the heat transfer process by performing simple sensitivity studies with the formulas presented below. Defining the inlet temperature of the slurry as T, and the temperature of the outer surface of the steam coil as U then by a macroscopic mass and energy balance for the system, a simplified calculation method is developed. 

The Important Sequence Model module does sensitivity studies and importance rankings for about a thousand highest frequency sequences. The analyst zooms to the most frequent plant damage category, to the most frequent sequences in that category, to the most important top event, to the most important split fraction, and to the most important cutsets. If sensitivity analysis is needed on the model as a whole, a menu option, "CLONE a Model," makes a copy of the model, c hange,s are made, and results compared. 

Computer sensitivity studies show that hole size strongly affects the fraction of fission products released from the containment. The failure location determines mitigation due to release into another building in which condensation and particulate removal occur. The quantity released depends on the time of containment fails relative to reactor vessel failure. If containment integrity is maintained for several hours after core melt, then natural and engineered mechanisms (e.g., deposition, condensation, and filtration) can significantly reduce the quantity and radioactivity of the aerosols released to the atmosphere. 

Cost Whether measurement or a computation technique is cheaper depends on the situation in question. In small and simple problems, it is usually more profitable to use measurement techniques. In large and complex problems, where parametric/sensitivity study is the objective, computation may be a better alternative. 

J. A. Henckes, J. Kibovich, G. H. Damon, and R. W. Van Dolah, Shock-Sensitivity Studies of Liquid Systems, Preprint, Second Conference on Explosives Sensitivity, Washington, D. C, September 16-17, 1957. 

Mertes PM, Moneret-Vautrin DA Skin reactions to intradermal neuromuscular blocking agent injections a randomized multicenter trial in healthy volunteers. Anesthesiology 2007 107 245. Moneret-Vautrin DA, Gueant JL, Kamel L, Laxenaire MC, el Kholty S, Nicolas JP Anaphylaxis to muscle relaxants cross-sensitivity studied by radioimmunoassays compared to intradermal tests in 34 cases. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1988 82 745. 

Shear Sensitivity Studies Under Defined Flow Conditions.151... 

Shear Sensitivity Studies in Stirred Tank Reactor Configurations. . 163... 

The purpose of this chapter is to review relevant work in the area, including an evaluation of methods employed for shear sensitivity studies, comparison of bases for data analysis and an outline of current knowledge of the interface between the hydrodynamic environment and the plant cells themselves. Coverage is limited to cell suspension cultures and does not extend to other tissue or organ systems. 

Dissociation of the gases SiH4 and H2 by electron impact will create reactive species (radicals) and/or neutrals (Si2H6 and even higher-order silanes [195-198]). Atomic hydrogen is an important particle because it is formed in nearly all electron impact collisions, and the H-abstraction reaction [199, 200] of (di)silane is an important process, as is seen from sensitivity study. Dissociation of SiHa can create different SiH (with x = 0, 1,2, 3) radicals. Only silylene (SiH2) and... 

A sensitivity study of the influence of the elementary data (i.e., reaction coefficients, cross sections, and transport coefficients) has been performed to determine the importance of specific elementary data, so to guide further research in this area [189]. 

Sensitivity analysis. A possible cause for the discrepancy between experiment and model is an error in the elementary parameters (reaction coefficients, cross sections, and transport coefficients) which are obtained from the literature. With a sensitivity study it is possible to identify the most important processes [189]. 

Preexisting antimicrobial resistance is an increasing cause of treatment failure and is estimated to account for up to 70% of all treatment failures. Geography is the most important factor in HP resistance. Metronidazole-resistant strains are more prevalent in Asia (85%) than North America (30%).15 Primary resistance to amoxicillin and tetracycline remains low in both the United States and Europe. Clarithromycin resistance rates are estimated to be approximately 10% in the United States. Another confounding factor when evaluating potential antibiotic resistance is that culture and sensitivity studies are not routinely performed with HP infection. 

Sensitivity studies allow estimation of the contribution of various parameters to the total uncertainty in the result of a QRA. Such studies can identify major contributors to overall risk for a list of incidents and can identify which models, assumptions, and data are important to the final risk estimate. 

Starnes and Bovey (1) pioneered the method of I3C NMR analysis of reduced poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) to study the microstructure of PVC. Tri-n-butyltin hydride ((n-Bu)3SnH) was found to completely dechlorinate PVC resulting in polyethylene (PE) whose microstructure (branching, end-groups, etc.) could be sensitively studied by 13C NMR. 

Currently, there are several assays for the measurement of PSA. All of them contain monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies labeled with enzymatic, fluorometric, or radioactive markers. These assays have shown significant variations within the same patient specimens. These variations may result from differences in antibody specificity, reaction kinetics, calibration, or the system s sensitivity. Studies have shown that only free PSA and PSA-ACT show immunological reactivity in these assays. Also, reaction kinetics can influence the molar ratio. Some of these assays with shorter incubation times may specifically bind the free PSA molecule (which is a lower weight form of PSA). In the equimolar assays, changing the incubation... 

Zimmerman and co-workers were also able to obtain some information regarding the multiplicities of the excited states responsible for the initial /9-cleavage through quenching and sensitization studies. It was found that both trans-to-cis and cis-to-trans isomerizations could be sensitized by chlorobenzene under conditions where the latter absorbed over 95% of the light. The same product ratio was obtained under these conditions as in the direct irradiation of the ketones. With 1,3-cyclohexadiene or 2,5-dimethyl-2,4-hexadiene as quenchers nearly 90% of the reaction of the trans isomer could be quenched. Again the ratio of the quenched reaction products was the same as in the unquenched reaction. The reaction of the cis isomer, on the other hand, could not be quenched by 1,3-cyclohexadiene or 2,5-dimethyl-2,4-... 

In sensitization studies, the 7 state of anthrabarrelene (45) proved to be totally unreactive. However, direct photolysis of 2,3-anthrabarrelene afforded 2,3-anthrasemibullvalene via vinyl-vinyl bridging with a quantum efficiency of 0.25 ... 

Szumlinski, K.K., Herrick-Davis, K., Teitler, M., Maisonneuve, I.M., Glick, S.D. Interactions between iboga agents and methamphetamine sensitization studies of locomotion and stereotypy in rats. Psychopharmacology. 151 234, 2000. 

Weigl B.H., Wolfbeis O.S., Sensitivity studies on optical carbon dioxide sensors based on ion-pairing, Sens. Actuators B 1995 28 151-156. 

In the following chapter model refinements are described and compared with the setup used by Gughelmo (2008). The focus is given on the represention of marine organic matter. In a sensitivity study the impact of organic matter on long-range transport is explored. Additionally, a study is included that clarifies the relative importance of sea surface temperature, wind speed, and pollutant concentration for volatilisation of DDT from the ocean. 

Postsynaptic changes in receptor sensitivity. Studies of many antidepressants have demonstrated that desensitization or downregulation of NE or 5-HT1A receptors may relate to onset of antidepressant effects. 

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