Self-assembly arrays

Lee, C.W., Kim, J.C., Bae, S.C. and Kim, K.S. (2001) Self-assembled arrays of organic nanotubes with infinitely long one-dimensional H-Bond chains. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 123, 10748-10749. 

Zinc(II) phthalocyanine 55 bearing two pyridyl substituents is also capable of forming a self-assembled array [56], This compound forms intermolecular zinc-nitrogen coordinated species in solution and self-assembles to form a coordination polymer in the solid state. As shown in the crystal structure revealed by singlecrystal X-ray diffraction analysis, the compound self-assembles in an edge-to-face manner forming a zig-zag polymer in the solid state (Fig. 3). 

D. J. Sellmyer, M. Zheng, and R. Skomski, Magnetism of Fe, Co and Ni Nanowires in Self-Assembled Arrays , J. Phys. Condens. Matter 13, R433 (2001). 

An interesting phenomenon in water-oil-amphiphile systems is the presence of self-assembled arrays of amphiphiles (surfactants) called micelles. From 1948 to 1950, Philip Alan Winsor reported that upon simple mixing (i.e., without the need for high shear conditions), oil, water, and amphiphiles yielded clear, macro-scopically homogeneous single phases which he termed type IV systems (Winsor, 1948, 1950). The term microemulsion was introduced later by Jack H. Shulman, a Columbia University chemistry professor, to denote these thermodynamically stable optically isotropic, transparent oil-water-amphiphile dispersions (Shulman et al., 1959). Type IV systems contain small droplets of one liquid dispersed within the other, with a self-assembled layer of surfactant molecules (micelles) along the interface between the two phases. The spontaneous self-assembly of the micelle is driven by the thermodynamic tendency to minimize the surface tension between the water and the oil in the presence of the amphiphile (Hoar and Shulman, 1943). 

Figure 4.24. Scanning electron micrographs of self-assembled arrays from 10-pm-sized...

FIGURE 3.4 Light-harvesting peripheral antenna complex from green-sulfur bacteria consisting of self-assembled arrays of chlorophyll molecules. 

USE OF SELF-ASSEMBLED ARRAYS OF MOLECULES AS TEMPLATES FOR MESOPOROUS MATERIALS... 

Figure 3 Radiation-induced metal clusters, (a) Silver nanoclusters stabilized by PVA (10 nm). (b) STM imaging ofa single duster of the blue sol of silver oligomers Agd formed by y irradiation (n = 4). (c) Clusters ofAg, partially reduced by irradiation and then chemically developed by EDTA. (100 nm large and 15 nm thick), (d) TEM bright-held Image ofNi , PVA clusters (5 nm). (e) Two-dimensional self-assembled array of gold dusters (PVA) on mica with remarkable homodisperse size (5 nm). (f) Monocrystalline Pt nanotubes with CPCI (10 nm diameter and a few 100 nm long), (g) Pt nanorods with CTAB (3-4 nm thick and 20-40 nm long).

The first separations of DNA in self-assembled arrays were reported in the literature by Doyle et al. in 2002 [29], although the method appeared in conference proceedings as early as 1997 [30]. In the initial experiments, the magnetic beads were loaded into the channel using a pressure head generated by different fluid heights in the various reservoirs on the chip. While this method will load the beads, much more reproducible arrays are obtained using a pressure control system for the... 

The above discussions have highlighted the utility of both magnetic arrays and colloidal-templated crystals for DNA electrophoresis. While the variety of solid supports that can be fabricated by these techniques is limited when compared to those available through micro- and nanofabrication, the ease with which these self-assembled arrays can be constmcted confers significant advantages... 

As shown in Fig. 8.9A, a full-color photonic crystal device was designed and fabricated in a form of electrochemical cell (Arsenault et al., 2007). The device was based on a two-component composite, that is, silica microspheres and polyferrocenylsilane (PFS). The silica microspheres with an ordered self-assembly array were deposited on ITO glass substrate and served as the inactive structural scaffold. PFS with pendant unsaturated C=C bonds were incorporated into the lattice spacing of silica microspheres and polymerized... 

The as-prepared FePt nanopartides exhibited a chemically disordered fee structure, with relatively poor magnetic properties. Thus, fee FePt nanopartides were superparamagnetic at room temperature, and could be handled in the form of a colloidal solution for casting films, and produdng self-assembled arrays, for example (Figure 3.128). Further, the FePt nanopartides could be annealed at 550-600°C... 

One of the first hints that gold nanopartides (AuNPs) could be deposited in an ordered manner was provided by Schiffrin et cd. [35], whenS run gold partides, which had been prepared in a two-phase liquid-liquid system and stabilized by dithiols [36], provided crosslinked assemblies for which the quality of ordering was rather limited compared to recent results. Nonetheless, these preliminary findings confirmed that 2-D self assembled arrays could be produced. 

Lundgren, A., Hed, Y., Oeberg, K., SeUbom, A., Fink, H., Lowenhielm, P., Kelly, J., Malkoch, M., BergUn, M. Self-Assembled Arrays of Dendrimer-Gold-Nanoparticle Hybrids for Functional Cell Studies. Angew. Chem. Int. Edit. 50(15), 3450-3453 (2011). doi 10.1002/Anie.201006544... 

Adler-Abramovich L, Aronov D, Beker P, Yevnin M, Stempler S, Buzhansky L, et al. Self-assembled arrays of peptide nanotubes by vapour deposition. Nat Nano 2009 4 849-54. 

PPy-coated ceramic nanomaterial (zeohte and titanium sihcate) has been fabricated with microscopic structural homogeneity [216]. The core-shell nanoparticle was synthesized via a self-assembled array of cetylpyridinium chloride on the surface of core material. Cetylpyridinium chloride played a critical role for sustaining the colloidal stability of resulting product and providing a nanoscopically confined environment for the growth of ordered PPy film. An ultrathin PPy layer (thickness 10-30 nm) was successfully deposited on the ceramic nanoparticle (diameter 100 nm). Even with a fairly low amount of PPy in the core-shell nanoparticle (8%), a high conductivity (5 S cm ) was obtained. The result was attributed to the enhanced molecular order of PPy chains compared with conventional PPy. 

As with more traditional aspects of supramolecular chemistry, the approach to the formation of a self-assembled array can be as complex as one desires. Thus, the simplest approach in creating a surface-based self-assembled shucture is to use a single molecule capable of creating a supramolecular structure without the need to add an additional agent. An early example of the formation of a uni-molecular supramolecular structure mediated by hydrogen bonding was reported by Griessl et al The structure is... 

A second logical approach to controlling pore size in self-assembled arrays, apart from steric crowding of pores through molecular functionalization (see above) is through the use of molecules of different dimensions. What may be viewed as the parent compound to the PTCDI-melamine array is the array formed between cyanuric acid and melamine (Figure 10a). The interaction formed between cyanuric acid and melamine, and derivatives of the two compounds, represents one of the most extensively studied structural motifs in supramolecular chemistry." ... 

Stohr, Gade, and Jung etal. have developed a self-assembled array based on the surface deposition of 4,9-diaminoperylene-quinone-3,10-diimine (DPDI) onto a... 

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