Selective toxicity definition

Liss-Suter D, Villaume JE, Goldstein FJ. 1978. A literature review - problem definition studies on selected toxic chemicals. Volume 8 Environmental aspects of diesel fuels and fog oils SGF no. 1 and SGF no. 2 and smoke screens generated from them. Philadelphia, PA Franklin Institute Research Laboratories. Final report. Contract no. DAMD 17-77-C-7020. ADAO56021. 

Wash K, Abaidoo KJR, Villaume JE. 1978. A literature review-problem definition studies on selected toxic chemicals. Vol. 2 Occupational health and safety aspects of phosphorus smoke compounds. ADA056019. 

Lead structure According to Valler and Green s definition a lead structure is a representative of a compound series with sufficient potential (as measured by potency, selectivity, pharmacokinetics, physicochemical properties, absence of toxicity and novelty) to progress to a full drug development program [12]. 

The toxic effects of selected plant analytes will be assessed by comparison with the toxicides of similar metabolites found in animal metabolism studies. The amount of the analytes reported in the plant metabolism study is one of the important factors used to establish the residue definition. 

In addition to epilepsy, neuronal death due to the toxic effects of glutamate has also been implicated in cerebral ischaemia associated with multi-infarct dementia and possibly Alzheimer s disease. With the plethora of selective excitatory amino acid receptor antagonists currently undergoing development, some of which are already in clinical trials, one may expect definite advances in the drug treatment of neurodegenerative disorders in the near future. 

Refined oils of the Stoddard solvent type, safe and effective for handling carrot crops, were developed after a relatively short period of research. Their use spread to celery, parsnips, parsley, and anise. Foresters, finding that conifer seedlings were tolerant to the refined oils, sprayed forest tree nurseries. Research proved that a somewhat less toxic oil could be used on flax and onions. The use of refined selective spray oils found a definite place in the agriculture of our country. 

The hydrocarbons were diluted with a nontoxic oil to provide a further measure of toxicity. It was thought that, if the toxic hydrocarbons could be diluted to a concentration at which carrots were not injured but at which the other test plants were killed, such selective concentrations might provide a more definite basis for comparing the toxicities than was previously possible. The diluent, Bayol D, is a highly refined paraflSnic oil which boils between 400 and 500 F. The tek plants sprayed with Bayol D exhibited a translucent appearance for 2 or 3 days but neither acute nor chronic injury developed, and growth was not noticeably checked. 

If metabolism in animal models is extensive or the generated metabolite(s) is shown to have toxic effects, in vitro metabolism studies using isolated P-450 isozymes, tissue homogenates containing the microsomal fraction, hepatocytes, and liver slices are commonly conducted to determine if the extent of metabolism and the metabolite profile is similar for animals and humans. The results from these in vitro metabolism comparison studies can be used to select the animal models for definitive development studies that have similar metabolism profiles to humans. 

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