Multi-infarct dementia

Ergoloid is a psychotherapeutic agent that is indicated in the treatment of age-related decline in mental capacity, primary progressive dementia, Alzheimer s dementia, multi-infarct dementia, and senile onset. Ergoloid is thought to increase cerebral blood flow. 

Vascular dementia Multi-infarct Diffuse white matter disease (Binswanger s dementia) Control of blood pressure... 

Cerebral ischemic injury is a common cause of dementia in older adults. Combination cases of vascular dementia and Alzheimer disease are also quite frequent. Vascular causes of dementia include subcortical vascular dementia, multi-infarct dementia, ischemic dementia, cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), and leuko-araiosis (see the Cerebrovascular Diseases section earlier in this chapter). ... 

Kanowski S, Herrmann WM, Stephan K, Wierich W, Hdrr R. (1996). Proof of efficacy of the Ginkgo biloba special extract EGb 761 in outpatients suffering from mild to moderate primary degenerative dementia of the Alzheimer type or multi-infarct dementia. Pharmacopsychiatry. 29(2) 47-56. 

The cause of Alzheimer s disease is unknown, but genetic factors clearly play a role. One clue supporting this view is provided by the observation that individuals with Down syndrome, a common cause of mental retardation, frequently develop a dementia similar to Alzheimer s disease during early adulthood. Vascular dementia, which is also called multi-infarct dementia, results from the accumulation of tiny strokes. Individually, these strokes or infarcts are too small to cause any noticeable problem, but as they accumulate, they produce deficits similar to Alzheimer s disease. Other neurological diseases such as Parkinson s disease, Pick s disease, and Huntington s disease cause slow deterioration of the brain that ultimately leads to a degenerative dementia. 

In addition to epilepsy, neuronal death due to the toxic effects of glutamate has also been implicated in cerebral ischaemia associated with multi-infarct dementia and possibly Alzheimer s disease. With the plethora of selective excitatory amino acid receptor antagonists currently undergoing development, some of which are already in clinical trials, one may expect definite advances in the drug treatment of neurodegenerative disorders in the near future. 

Cummings JL, Miller B, Hill MA, et al Neuropsychiatric aspects of multi-infarct dementia and dementia of the Alzheimer type. Arch Neurol 44 389-393, 1987 Cundall RL, Brooks PW, Murray LG A controlled evaluation of lithium prophylaxis in affective disorders. Psychol Med 2 308-311, 1972 Cutler NR, Haxy J, Kay AD, et al Evaluation of zimeldine in Alzheimer s disease cognitive and biochemical measures. Arch Neurol 42 744-748, 1985 Czyrak A The effect of chronic nifedipine and ECS in the forced swimming test in rats. PolJ Pharmacol 45 191-195, 1993... 

Meyer JS, Welch KM, Deshmukh VD Neurotransmitter precursor amino acids in the treatment of multi infarct dementia and Alzheimer s disease. J Am Geriatr Soc 25 289-298, 1977... 

In addition, abnormalities have been reported in depression, alcoholism, Alzheimer s disease, and multi-infarct dementia. It is important to note that these are statistical findings in the psychiatric research setting, and CT is not sufficiently sensitive or specific to be used as a routine diagnostic test. 

Other disorders that may kill cholinergic and other neurons, thus leading to memory loss. Vascular dementia, formerly multi-infarct dementia, is characterized by dementia that classically has a more stepwise downhill course as compared with Alzheimer s disease, which has a more smoothly progressive downhill course. Multi-infact dementia is caused by multiple strokes, which damage the brain sufficiently to cause dementia and often cause focal neurological signs and symptoms as well. Normal pressure hydrocephalus can cause dementia from dilated cerebral ventricles. Creutzfeldt-... 

Hachinski VC, Lassen NA, Marshall J (1974) Multi-infarct dementia. A cause of mental deterioration in the elderly. Lancet 2 207-210... 

Third, patients diagnosed with schizophrenia do not suffer from the typical signs of the earlier stages of a dementing disorder such as shortterm memory dysfunction. They are usually easy to distinguish, for example, from victims of Alzheimer s disease, multi-infarct dementia, and the dementias associated with Parkinson s disease, Huntington s chorea, or multiple sclerosis. 

Multi-infarct dementia (cortical vascular dementia)... 

May have modest effects on cognitive performance and functioning in patients with Alzheimer disease or multi-infarct dementia no evidence to support prevention of memory loss or dementia Currently, little data to support its use... 

Vascular dementia (multi-iirfarct dementia, small vessel dementia, infarcts of... 

Diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease and differentiation of focal abnormalities in CBF typical in multi-infarct dementia and degenerative dementia... 

Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. 12, 121 (1985). Mode of action studies T. Katsuragi et al, Gen. Pharmacol 15, 43 (1984). Clinical trials in patients with multi-infarct dementia S. Hagstadius et al. Psychopharmacology (Berlin) 83, 321 (1984). 

Parkinson s disease (PD), Alzheimer s disease (AD), multi-infarct dementia and motoneuron disease (e.g. amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ALS) represent typical neurodegenerative diseases for which no known etiology has been put forward. Parkinson s disease is characterized by reduced size and velocity of movements. In AD, cognitive impairment is the cardinal clinical symptom. In motoneuron disease, a degeneration of the central pyramidal, the peripheral motor system or both is the reason for the clinical picture. A significant overlap exists between these three disorders. 

Having diagnosed AD in an aged person, other dementias, such as multi-infarct dementia. Pick... 

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