Hydrocarbons toxicity

Fowler JS. 1970. Chlorinated hydrocarbon toxicity in the fowl and duck. J Comp Pathol 80 465-471. 

Identification of the causative agents responsible for mineral hydrocarbon toxicity. 

Exposure of various invertebrate species to high concentrations of petroleum did not induce mixed function oxidase activity. Enzyme activity was stimulated, however, in a number of fish tissues by petroleum. Different permutations can be addressed as to the significance of basal or induced levels of mixed function oxidases and hydrocarbon toxicity. AHH may have a physiological role in enhancing hydrocarbon clearance but may also increase the mutagenic-carcinogenic potential of hydrocarbons. Both of these concepts have been demonstrated in studies with fish (29,30). Induced AHH levels may permit a more rapid oxidative transformation with concomitant "disappearance" of parent hydrocarbons, but potentially toxic metabolites could be retained in tissues for longer periods (31). It is likely that at the enzymic level the... 

Berger ML, Sozeri T. 1987. Rapid halogenated hydrocarbon toxicity in isolated hepatocytes as mediated by direct solvent effects. Toxicology 45 319-330. 

Hjelle J. 1990. Halogenated hydrocarbon toxicity in proximal tubules (human, rabbits). Crisp Data Base National Institutes of Health. 

Carpenter CP, Geary DL, Myers RC, et al. 1976. Petroleum hydrocarbon toxicity studies XL Animal and human response to vapors of deodorized kerosene. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 36(3) 443-456. 

Carpenter CP, Kinkead ER, Geary DL Jr, et al. 1975. Petroleum hydrocarbon toxicity studies I. Methodology. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 32 246-262. 

Ewisman MP, Swindoll S. 1991. Determination of petroleum hydrocarbon toxicity with microtox. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination Toxicology 47(6) 811. 

Carpenter CP et al Petroleum hydrocarbon toxicity studies. XVII animal response to nonane. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 53, 1978... 

Carpenter CP, Kinkead ER, Geary KL, et al Petroleum hydrocarbon toxicity series. IV. Animal and human response to vapors of rubber solvent. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 33(3) 526-542, 1975... 

Another type of test using young barley seedlings was developed by Green (7). This test is more quantitative for certain oil and hydrocarbon toxicity studies than those tests previously mentioned. Tests of hydrocarbons on barley seedlings were in general agreement with the evaluations obtained in the other tests. 

The viscosity of oil has an important influence on the speed of entrance into the plant. As the viscosity decreases, the rate of penetration increases, as does the speed at which visible injury symptoms develop. Vapor pressure and viscosity curves for n-decane are given in Figure 2. If the two are of equal importance in hydrocarbon penetration, they would approximately cancel each other. Such a cancellation may explain the lack of a marked change in hydrocarbon toxicity with variations in temperature. 

A HAZOP review method is suggested for the process when the following more complex facilities are under study. These facilities contain processes which typically are complex in nature, have chemical processes containing volatile hydrocarbons/toxic chemicals, or have high employee concentrations ... 

Trump BF, Lipsky MM, Jones TW, et al. 1984. An evaluation of the significance of experimental hydrocarbon toxicity to man. Adv Mod Environ Toxicol 7 273-288. 

Traiger GJ, Plaa GL. 1974. Chlorinated hydrocarbon toxicity Potentiation by isopropyl alcohol and acetone. Arch Environ Health 28 276-278. 

Walter PA. Craigmill A. Villaume J. et al. 1976. Chlorinated hydrocarbon toxicity... 

X.-D. Huang, G.D. Dixon, B.M. Greenberg (1995). Increased polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon toxicity following their photomodification in natural sunlight impacts on the duckweed Lemna gibba L. G-3. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 32,194-200. 

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 1993a. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon toxicity Environmental medicine. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Am Family Physician 47(3) 623-629. 

EXPLOSION and FIRE CONCERNS flammable NFPA rating Health 3, Flammability 4, Reactivity 0 flashback along vapor trail may occur explosive if ignited in a confined area aqueous solutions are flammable unless extensively diluted incompatible with fluorine, maleic anhydride, and acrylaldehyde heating to decomposition emits carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, toxic amine vapors, and toxic oxides of nitrogen use water spray, dry chemical, or foam for firefighting purposes. 

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