Seismic behavior

The above evidence establishes that fracturing and seismic behavior can extend well into the zone of mid to lower crustal metamorphism at rock pressures of —0.5-1 GPa. Veins preserve a valuable record of this brittle deformation they are fractures in which mineral mass has been deposited. The most common vein-forming minerals are quartz, calcite, and the feldspars, but a huge variety of other minerals are also observed. Fractures tend to focus flow, because they are zones of elevated permeability. Fracture flow is commonly approximated using the well-known expression from fluid mechanics for laminar flow between two parallel plates (e.g., White, 1979). For a set of parallel fractures, the flux is approximated by (e.g., Norton and Knapp, 1977) ... 

The seismic analysis of LMR core structures is a complex problem involving the dynamic interaction of many hundreds of individual fuel, blanket, and shield assemblies m a sodium environment. To simplify the core seismic problem, the cluster modeling technique sho vn in Fig. 14 for a diametral row of the core is used. The clusters of assemblies are assumed to have no relative motion between the assemblies within a cluster. The diametral row modeling approach gives conservative results and it is easier to evaluate the core seismic behavior compared to a full core model using the cluster technique. 

Richards, R., Elms, D. G. (1979). Seismic behavior of gravity retaining walls. Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, 705(4), 449-464. 

Nie J.G., Qin K. and Cai C.S. 2008. Seismic behavior of connections composed of CFSSTCs and steel-concrete composite beams-experimental study. Journal of Constructional Steel Research 64(10) 1178-1191. 

Zhang Y.F., Zhao J.H., Cai C.S. 2012. Seismic behavior of ring beamjoints between concrete-filled twin steel tubes columns and reinforced concrete beams. Engineering Structures 39(6) 1-10. 

Zhang Y.F., Zhang D.F., Zhao J.H. 2013. Experimental study on seismic behavior of connection between composite CFST column and H-shaped steel beam. Journal of Building Structures 34(9) 40-48 (in Chinese). 

Structural classification and seismic behavior of oil refinery components... 

Seismic Behavior of Thin-Bed Layered Unreinforced Clay Masonry Shear Walls Including Soundproofing Elements... 

The experimental study has a double aim. On one hand, it is expected to provide a better understanding of the general behavior of single walls in dynamic conditions, in order to cahbrate theoretical models and extend the conclusions to the global structural response of the entire building. On the other hand, the comparison between the structural response of walls with the same overall geometry, with and without soundproofing rubber devices, will assess the consequences of this type of device on seismic behavior. 

Two different walls are built for each aspect ratio. The first is an ordinary wall, while the second one includes soundproofing devices (rubber layers) at the bottom and the top (Fig. 6.1). This will allow the comparative study of the influence on dynamic seismic behavior of the rubber devices, basically used only to improve the acoustic performance. 

Ibrahim A, Mahmood M (2009) Finite element modeling of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with FRP laminates. Eur J Sci Res 30(4) 526-541. ISSN 1450-216 Johansson M (1996) New reinforcement detailing in concrete frame comers of civil defense shelters non-linear finite element analyses and experiments. Licentiate thesis, Chalmers University of Technology, Division of Concrete Structures, Gothenburg, Sweden Li B, Kulkami SA (2010) Seismic behavior of reinforced concrete exterior wide beam-column joints. J Struct Eng ASCE 136(l) 26-36... 

The present paper studies experimentally the seismic behavior of multistorey, nonductUe RC frames, infilled with an RC web which has the same thickness as the frame members and is connected to them in a code-conforming way. The aim is to achieve a ductile, macroscopically monolithic behavior, which would allow to simplify the design, the modeling and the verifications of the composite new member by considering it as a monolithic, flexure-controlled wall. The composite walls tested have aspect ratio (slenderness) over 3.0. So, they represent better the multistorey, slender, flexure-critical walls of current practice than the test specimens of the past and do not suffer from low shear resistance due to a thin web. 

Canbay E, Ersoy U, Ozcebe G (2003) Contribution of reinforced concrete infills to seismic behavior of structural systems. ACI Struct J 100(5) 637-643 CEN (2004) EN 1992-1-1 Eurocode 2 Design of concrete structures - Part 1-1 General rules and rules for buildings. Comite Europeen De Normalisation, Brussels Eibl J, Keintzel E (1988) Seismic shear forces in cantilever shear walls. In Proceedings of the 9th world conference in earthquake engineering, Japan Association for Earthquake Disaster Prevention, Tokyo... 

Physical Modeling for the Evaluation of the Seismic Behavior of Square Tunnels... 

ABAQUS (2010) Analysis user s manual, vols I-IV, Dassault Systemes, SIMULIA Inc, USA Cilingir U, Madabhushi SPG (2011) A model study on the effects of input motion on the seismic behavior of tunnels. J Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 31 452-462 FWHA (2009) Technical manual for design and cimstmction of road tunnels - Civil elements. US Department of Transportation. Eederal Highway Administration. Publication No. FHWA-NHI-4)9-010, p 629... 

While a full scale experiment to investigate the seismic behavior of a real structure together with SSPW is hard to conduct, an analytical study with a well verified computational RC and soil model (Maekawa et al. 2003) can serve as an alternative to capture the overall efficiency of SSPW. In this study, the authors use a full three dimensional nonlinear finite element analysis of soil-structure-pore water systems. The applicability of the system was verified by shaking table experiments of top-heavy piles embedded in a liquefiable model foundation (Maki et al. 2004, 2005, Mohammed and Maekawa 2012 Mohammed et al. 2012a). Using this analytical platform, the effects of SSPW as a seismic countermeasure for the rafted pile foundation is discussed with regard to the base shear induced in the RC multistorey superstructure and its overall stability. Both cases of drained and undrained soils are considered in the analysis to clarify the potential effect of soil liquefaction. 

Richards, R. and Elms, D.G. 1979. Seismic behavior of gravity type retaining walls. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 105(4) 449-469. 

Basically, the designer should take into account that local strengthening, though not demanding a quantitative analysis of the overall safety level of the work, should result in an improvement of the seismic behavior of the r.c. structure by ... 

A. Balsamo, A. Colombo, G. Manfredi, P. Negro, A. Prota Seismic behavior of a full-scale RC frame repaired using CFRP laminates ... 

Some studies have shown the snccess of the NSM retrofitting technique to reach the desired seismic behavior, raising attention to the importance of an intensive search in this direction to establish the snitable recommendations to be taken at strengthening the deficient elements to achieve the aim of dnctile-recoverable stmctnres. 

Sheikh, S.A., and Yau, G. (2002). Seismic behavior of concrete columns confined with steel and fiber-reinforced polymers . ACI Structural Journal, 99(1) 72-81. 

Canbolat, B.A., Parra-Montesinos, G.J., Wight, J.K., 2005. Experimental study on the seismic behavior of high performance fibre reinforced cement composite coupling beams. ACI Structural Journal, 102(1), pp. 159-166. 

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