Steel-concrete composite

Nie J.G., Qin K. and Cai C.S. 2008. Seismic behavior of connections composed of CFSSTCs and steel-concrete composite beams-experimental study. Journal of Constructional Steel Research 64(10) 1178-1191. 

The purpose of the above is to specify requirements for a cold-cure adhesive to permit either the repair or strengthening of existing concrete structures by bonding on additional external steel plate reinforcement, or the construction of steel/concrete composite units in which wet concrete is poured on to steel freshly coated with a layer of adhesive. In both cases the adhesive serves to resist the interfacial shear stresses necessary to ensure structural composite action between the steel and concrete. For these purposes a cold-cure adhesive is defined as one which is capable of curing to the required strength between the temperatures of 10 °C and 30 °C. 

Mays, G.C. and Vardy, A.E. Adhesive bonded steel-concrete composite construction. International Journal of Adhesion Adhesives, 2, No 2, April 1982, pp. 103-7. 

Fig. 13.21. Robinson-type of steel-concrete composite slab.

A Robinson-type steel-concrete composite floor slab was of dimensions of 1540 mm x 159 mm x 1500 mm, which is shown in Fig. 13.22. To withstand deflections due to concrete casting, transverse ribs are arranged at the center and on both sides. The loading position was set at the top center of the specimen. A plate of dimensions 200 mm x 125 mm was installed as a loading plate. Load of 100 kN was first applied 2 million times at a frequency of 3 Hz, then 250 kN was applied 0.5 milhon times at 2 Hz, and finally 300 kN was applied 0.5 million times at 1 Hz. 

Schnerch, D. and Rizkalla, S. (2004), Strengthening of scaled steel-concrete composite girders and steel monopole towers with CFRP , Proceedings of the FRP Composites in Civil Engineering — CICE 2004, ed. R. Seracino. Balkema, London, Leiden, New York and Singapore. 

Tavakkolizadeh, M. and Saadatmanesh, H. (2003), Strengthening of steel-concrete composite girders using carbon fibre reinforced polymer sheets , Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 129, Issue 1, pp. 30-40. 

Extension of the DDM to steel-concrete composite frame structures... 

The last decade has seen a growing interest in FE modelling and analysis of steel-concrete composite structures, with applications to seismic resistant frames and bridges... 

Figure 3 Application example of steel-concrete composite structure (a) geometry and loading, (b) FE degrees of freedom and (c) comparison of experimental and numerical results.

Spacone El-Tawil 2004). The behaviour of composite beams (made of two components connected through shear connectors to form an interacting unit) is significantly influenced by the type of connection between the steel beam and the concrete slab. Flexible shear connectors allow the development of partial composite action. Thus, for accurate analytical response prediction, structural models of composite structures must account for the interlayer slip between the steel and concrete components. A composite beam finite element able to capture the interface slip is therefore an essential tool for model-based response simulation of steel-concrete composite structures. 

Compared to common monolithic beams, composite beams with deformable shear connection present additional difficulties. Even in very simple structural systems (e.g., simply supported beams), complex distributions of the interface slip and force can develop. Different finite elements of composite beams with deformable shear connection have been developed and presented in the literature (Spacone El-Tawil 2004, Dall Asta 8c Zona 2004). These elements include suitable models describing section deformations in order to compute the section force resultants of steel-concrete composite members. This requires the use of realistic material constitutive models for beam steel, reinforcement steel, concrete, and shear-slip behaviour of the studs connecting the two structural components (Zona et al. 2005, 2006, Barbato et al. 2007). 

Figure 4 Normalized response sensitivities for steel-concrete composite structure (a) sensitivities of vertical uplift at midpoint of non-loaded span to several material constitutive parameters and (b) sensitivities of several response quantities to yield strength of the steel of the beam component.

Spacone, E. El-Tawil, S. 2004. Nonlinear analysis of steel-concrete composite structures state-of-the-art./o r a/ of Structural Engineering, 130(2), 159-168. 

Zona, A., Barbato, M. Conte, J.P. 2005. Finite element response sensitivity analysis of steel-concrete composite beams with deformable shear connection. Journal of Engineering Mechanics (ASCE), 131(11) 1126-1139. 

Seismic Analysis of Steel-Concrete Composite Buildings Numerical Modeling... 

School Seismic Safety and Risk Mitigation Seismic Analysis of Steel-Concrete Composite Buildings Numerical Modeling Seismic Analysis of Steel Buildings Numerical Modeling... 

Seismic Analysis of Steel and Composite Bridges Numerical Modeling, Fig. 14 Truss idealization for a steel-concrete composite girder... 

Different types of models are used for the design and seismic analysis of steel and steel-concrete composite bridges. In this entry ID, grillage, spine, 3D beam, and finite element models are presented. The advantages and drawbacks of each model are debated, and modeling... 

Vayas I, Iliopoulos A (2013) Design of steel concrete composite bridges to Eurocodes. CPC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton... 

Vayas I, Iliopoulos A, Adamakos T (2010) Spatial systems fOT modelling steel-concrete composite bridges - comparison of grillage systems and FE models. Steel Construct Des Res 3 100-11... 

Vayas I, Adamakos T, Iliopoulos A (2011) Three dimensional modeling for steel-concrete composite bridges using systems of bar elements - modeling of skewed bridges, hit J Steel Struct 11(2) 157-169... 

Concrete-encased steel sections Connections Constitutive models Cyclic behavior Damping Frames Hysteretic rules Nonlinear Numerical modeling Panel zones Seismic analysis Steel-concrete composite T-stub components... 

Composite constraction includes a wide range of structural systems, e.g., framed structures employing all steel-concrete composite (SCC) members and components (e.g., composite beam-to-columns and connections) and sub-assemblages of steel and/or reinforced concrete (RQ elements. Such components and elements are employed to optimize the resistance and deformation capacity (Uchida and Tohki 1997). SCC structures have been used... 

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