Sediment and erosion control

Geotextiles Asphalt overlay, drainage pads and pieces, sedimentation and erosion control, etc. 

Fifield, J. (2004). Designing for Effective Sediment and Erosion Control on Construction Sites. International Erosion Control Association. U.S.A. 

Phytoremediation is the use of plants to treat or stabilize contaminated soils, sediments, or water. Plants provide and support remediation processes in many ways. Common applications of phytoremediation-based systems include remediation of contaminated soil and groundwater, reuse of municipal wastewater and biosolids, reuse of industrial wastewater and by-products, alternative landfill capping and erosion control, and landfill leachate reuse. 

ISAR, the International Society for Aeolian Reseach, launched a new journalAeoZi a Research in January 2009 which will include papers that address fundamental studies of the physics of blowing sand and dust and the deposition of sediment. Practical apphcations including environmental impacts and erosion control will be covered as well. The objective of the journal is to offer a single platform for papers dealing with aeolian processes which are presently published in a wide variety of journals. Research articles, case histories, short communications, book reviews, thematic issues and review articles will be included in the journal. ... 

The text deals with the microbial and chemical process engineering of sewer networks. It emphasizes dry-weather processes and not the wet-weather impacts that are primarily controlled by physical processes. Under such conditions, the physical in-sewer processes in terms of, for example, hydraulics, sediment and biofilm erosion and solids transport are important. A quite different approach must be applied when wet-weather conditions in sewers dominate. However, wet-weather performance of sewers also requires that sediment deposition be dealt with during dry-weather periods. 

Further sources of trouble with the oil produced is water and sediment present in the oil, when it is used as a fuel oil. Water causes sparking, spitting and flashback of the flame, which result in loss of heat as a result of improper combustion. Sediments such as sand and carbon, etc. cause the erosion of burner tips, pump parts and sensitive control valves, etc. Also, some chemical compounds present in an oil will absorb oxygen from air or water, to form new compounds. Unfortunately, some of these chemical compounds are insoluble in the oil, with the result that they will either remain suspended in the oil or will drop to the bottom of the tank. They must not reach the suction lines in a storage tank. 

Tectonic processes, by contrast, can be simplified to two parameters. These are vertical uplift, which creates crustal source areas for weathering and erosion, and subsidence, which together with eustasy acts to control the accommodation space availaltle for accumulation of sediments (e.g., Sloss, 1962). 

The 50 million years of the Devonian Period provided sufficient time for over 11,000 feet of sedimentary rocks to accumulate in the Appalachian Basin this accumulation was controlled by pulses of tectonic uplift to the east. A similar control of a northwestern source area by intermittent tectonic movement is suggested as a source for the upper wedges (B/C) in the Michigan and Illinois Basins. The lower black shales (A) of regional type represent quiescent periods of slow deposition followed by relatively more rapid sedimentation occurring in response to uplift and erosion of source areas and to depositional restrictions caused by rising arches. The total thickness of Devonian shales in either the Michigan or Illinois Basin is less than 1000 feet, so that the sediment volume involved in these two basins is far less than in the Appalachian Basin. Thus there was ample time for... 

Geomorphology exerts control on soil carbon levels by determining erosion/accretion rates of sediment and SOC and access to water/nutrients and through the provision of local microenvironments (e.g., climatic or protection from lire) that allow the development of vegetation types that sequester and cycle carbon at different rates. Local microenvironments can also modify microbial respiration rates. 

The thermal and burial histories of the basin for a variant that is free from erosion in the Permian were simulated for comparison with the main model (Fig. 6.7). This variant was controlled by present-day temperatures and vitrinite reflectance (similar to Fig. 6.6) and, by coincidence of the tectonic curve, calculated by removing the sediment and water load, resulting from variation in the thermal state of the basement (as... 

Wetland values are dependent on social perceptions. The valued functions have historically included water storage, flood control, erosion control, sediment control, nutrient removal, protection of general water quality, habitat for crops and fisheries, recreation, and wildlife... 

Soil erosion control. Soil erosion and runoff are serious land degradation problems in arid and semiarid regions caused either by rain or wind. It is a significant environmental problem for agricultural lands that results in destruction and eventual abandonment of the land and the loss of civiUzation itself. Sediment in runoff from agricultural landfiUs in reservoirs and rivers endangers aquatic life and reduces soil productivity. Chemicals transported with the sediment may cause water quaUty problems in lakes and streams. Land classification... 

Nonstructural erosion-control methods in coastal environments can be modeled after natural features such as coastal-dune environments or saltwater marshes to create buffers that absorb the enei of waves or storm suites. These approaches include limiting access for foot and vehicle traffic in areas vulnerable to erosion and revegetating wdth native plants. The plants trap wdnd-bome sediment and sand and anchor coastal soils wdth their root systems. Revegetation measures may include the use of geotextiles or mulches to protect the soil surface while the vegetation becomes established. 

Some coastal environments may be regarded as rather stable (rock and reef coasts) while others are more vulnerable (sand and mud coasts, soft cliffs). In this last case, coastal users and managers aU over the world are frequently faced with serious erosion of their sandy coasts. Possible causes of erosion include natural processes (i.e., action of waves, tides, currents, sea level rise, etc.) and sediment deficit due to human impact (i.e., river regulations, sand mining, and coastal engineering works). Countermeasmes for beach erosion control function depend on local conditions of shore and beach, coastal chmate, and sediment transport. Continuous maintenance and improvement of the coasthnes, together with monitoring and studies of coastal processes have yielded considerable experience on various coastal protection measures all over the world. 

---