Seasonal allergic rhinitis symptoms

Azelastine (Astelin) is an intranasal antihistamine that rapidly relieves symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis. However, patients should be cau-... 

This second-generation histamine HI receptor blocker was put on the world market in the 1980s for the relief of symptoms associated with seasonal allergic rhinitis and chronic idiopathic urticaria [14], Janssen Pharmaceuticals marketed this dmg under the brand name Hismanal. The major benefit of these antihistamines was their... 

Baena-Cagnani CE, Berger WE, Du-Buske LM Comparative effects of desloratadine versus montelukast on asthma symptoms and use of (Jj agonists in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis and asthma. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2003 130 307-313. 

Allergic rhinitis For the relief of symptoms of allergic rhinitis (seasonal allergic rhinitis in adults and children 2 years of age and older), and perennial allergic rhinitis in adults and children 6 months of age and older. 

Mechanism of Action An antihistamine that competes with histamine for histamine receptor sites on cells in the blood vessels, G1 tract, and respiratory tract. Therapeutic Effect Relieves symptoms associated with seasonal allergic rhinitis, such as increased mucus production and sneezing and symptoms associated with allergic conjunctivitis, such as redness, itching, and excessive tearing. 

Studies of omalizumab in asthmatic volunteers showed that its administration over 10 weeks lowered plasma IgE to undetectable levels and significantly reduced the magnitude of both the early and the late bronchospastic responses to antigen challenge. Clinical trials have shown repeated intravenous or subcutaneous injection of anti-IgE MAb to lessen asthma severity and reduce the corticosteroid requirement in patients with moderate to severe disease, especially those with a clear environmental antigen precipitating factor, and to improve nasal and conjunctival symptoms in patients with perennial or seasonal allergic rhinitis. 

Mr JA is showing symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis (hay fever) but has been using cold remedies for eight weeks which has resulted in rebound nasal congestion, worsening his symptoms and complicating his hay fever. 

Q2 Perennial and seasonal allergic rhinitis affects many individuals and can cause serious complications, such as otitis media and chronic sinusitis. The symptoms of allergic rhinitis can be caused by house dust mites, pollens, moulds and other allergens. 

Seasonal allergic rhinitis affects about 10% of school-age children, and there is evidence of a significant impact of the disease on health-related quality of life. The effect on health-related quality of life of once-daily of cetirizine syrup 10 mg/day for 4 weeks has been studied in 544 children with seasonal allergic rhinitis in a multicenter, open, non-comparative study (2). In addition to improvements in symptom scores the authors also reported significant improvements in health-related quality of life, with good tolerability of the drug. Treatment-related adverse effects were reported in 22 subjects, of which somnolence was the most frequent problem, reported by six of the subjects. Only 12 of subjects discontinued treatment owing to an adverse effect. 

Health-related quality of life and clinical outcomes in 865 adult patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis treated with cetirizine or placebo for 2 weeks have been evaluated in a double-blind, randomized, parallel-group study (3). Cetirizine significantly improved both symptoms and health-related quality of life, while treatment-related adverse effects were comparable with those in the placebo group. 

Murray JJ, Nathan RA, Bronsky EA, Olufade AO, Chapman D, Kramer B. Comprehensive evaluation of cetirizine in the management of seasonal allergic rhinitis impact on symptoms, quality of life, productivity, and activity impairment. Allergy Asthma Proc 2002 23(6) 391-8. 

Wilson AM, Orr LC, Coutie WJ, Sims ELI, Lipworth BJ. A comparison of once daily fexofenadine versus the combination of montelukast plus loratadine on domicihary nasal peak flow and symptoms in seasonal allergic rhinitis. Qin Exp Allergy 2002 32(l) 126-32. 

Casale TB, Condemi J, LaForce C, Nayak A, Rowe M, Watrous M, McAlary M, Fowler-Taylor A, Racine A, Gupta N, Fick R, Della Cioppa G Omalizumab Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis Trail Group. Effect of omalizumab on symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2001 286(23) 2956-67. 

Allergic rhinitis is clearly a risk factor for asthma. As many as 78% of asthma patients have nasal symptoms, while about 38% of allergic rhinitis patients have asthma. Asthma is more common in those with perennial than seasonal allergic rhinitis, and it is less likely to be outgrown when associated with allergic rhinitis. ... 

Prevents symptoms therefore, for seasonal allergic rhinitis, use before offending allergen s season starts. For perennial rhinitis, improvement may not be seen for up to 1 month. 

For seasonal allergic rhinitis, an intranasal antihistamine, aze-lastine, is available. Azelastine has been used successfully in patients who did not respond to loratadine. Using the nasal route offers an alternative to switching to another oral antihistamine. Patient satisfaction has been varied because while the product produces rapid symptom relief, patients complain of drying effects, headache, and diminished effectiveness over time. Patients should be warned of the medication s potential to produce drowsiness, as its systemic availability is approximately 40%. " ... 

The effectiveness of immunotherapy for seasonal allergic rhinitis appears to be better than that seen with perennial rhinitis, in part because it is more difficult to determine which allergen is responsible for perennial symptoms, and it is more due to multiple sensitizations. Effectiveness has been shown in a number of clinical studies using a variety of pollen extracts, even in patients with severe disease resistant to pharmacotherapy." " Specific immunotherapy for house dust mites has had good results in appropriately selected patients, while several studies have described marked improvement in patients with allergy to cats. Data indicate that in some patients 3 years of immunotherapy may be sufficient to give lasting benefit." ... 

The most cost-effective choice of treatment for allergic rhinitis is an individualized decision. Seasonal allergic rhinitis patients who see improvement and can tolerate nonprescription and/or generic antihistamines will experience the least impact on out-of-pocket medical and drug expenses. If these are not effective, the economic picture becomes more complicated. Choices should follow the logical path based on symptoms, tolerance, and efficacy, as described earlier in this chapter. 

Casale TB, Condemi J, LaForce C, et al. Effect of omaUzumab on symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis. JAMA 2001 286 2956-2967. 

Azelastine is an ophthalmic antihistaminic preparation. It is indicated in the treatment of symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis, such as rhinorrhea, sneezing, and nasal pruritus treatment of symptoms of vasomotor rhinitis, such as rhin-orrhea, nasal congestion, and postnasal drip (nasal inhalation) treatment of itching of eye associated with allergic conjunctivitis (ophthalmic). 

Budesonide is a corticosteroid/flucocorticoid/intranasal steroid. It exhibits a wide range of inhibitory activities against multiple cell types and mediators involved in aller-gic-mediated inflammation. Its indications are Intranasal management of seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis symptoms in adults and children oral inhalation for the maintenance treatment of asthma as prophylactic therapy in adults and children and for patients requiring oral corticosteroid therapy for asthma inhalation suspension maintenance treatment of asthma and prophylactic therapy in children 12 months to 8 years of age oral capsule Crohn s disease. 

Fexofenadine is a peripherally selective histamine receptor antagonist that competitively antagonizes histamine at the Hj-receptor site. It is indicated in the symptomatic relief of symptoms (nasal and nonnasal) associated with seasonal allergic rhinitis and treatment of uncomplicated skin manifestations of chronic idiopathic urticaria. 

Montelukast sodium is a leukotriene receptor antagonist that blocks the effects of specific leukotrienes in the respiratory airways, thereby reducing bronchoconstriction, edema, and inflammation. It is indicated in the prophylaxis and chronic treatment of asthma in patients 12 months and older and in relief of symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis in patients 2 years and older. 

Clarinex Descarboethoxyloratadine Desloratadine Sch 34117. FDA-approved 21 December. 2001 for the relief of the nasal and non-nasal symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis in patients 12 years of age and older. USP 4,659,716 (21 April, 1987) to Schering Corp. Crystals mp = 150-151°. Schering-Plough Pharm. 

Kaiser, H.B. Gopalan, G. Chung, W. (2008). Loratadine Provides Early Symptom Control in Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis. Allergy and Asthma Proceedings, Vol. 29, No. 6, (November-December 2008), pp. 654-658, ISSN 1088-5412... 

---