Sealer

Resins formed from the reaction of poly(vinyl alcohol) with aldehydes. The formal derivative (from methanal) is used in wire coatings and adhesives and the bulyral (from butanal) is used in metal paints, wood-sealers, adhesives and in safety glass interlayers. 

Tin Sol process Tin sphene Tinstone Tin sulfide Tinted contact lenses Tinted sealers Tin tetrachloride... 

Titanium hydride is used as a source for Ti powder, alloys, and coatings as a getter in vacuum systems and electronic tubes as a sealer of metals and as a hydrogen source. 

The uniqueness of methyl methacrylate as a plastic component accounts for its industrial use in this capacity, and it far exceeds the combined volume of all of the other methacrylates. In addition to plastics, the various methacrylate polymers also find appHcation in sizable markets as diverse as lubricating oil additives, surface coatings (qv), impregnates, adhesives (qv), binders, sealers (see Sealants), and floor poHshes. It is impossible to segregate the total methacrylate polymer market because many of the polymers produced are copolymers with acrylates and other monomers. The total 1991 production capacity of methyl methacrylate in the United States was estimated at 585,000 t/yr. The worldwide production in 1991 was estimated at about 1,785,000 t/yr (3). 

Sealers. Mica is used in all types of sealers for porous surfaces, such as waHboard masonry, and concrete blocks, to reduce penetration and improve holdout (see Sealants). It permits a thicker film to be appHed and at the same time reduces sagging. Cracking is reduced by the reinforcing action of the flakes, and gaps and holes in rough masonry are bridged by the mica flakes. 

Nickel acetate tetrahydrate [6018-89-9] Ni(C2H202) 4H2O, is a green powder which has an acetic acid odor, density 1.74 g/cm. When heated, it loses its water of crystallization and then decomposes to form nickel oxide. Nickel acetate is used as a catalyst intermediate, as an intermediate in the formation of other nickel compounds, as a dye mordant, as a sealer for anodized aluminum, and in nickel electroplating (59). 

Formulas for representative floor poHshes are Hsted in References 3, 12, 13, and 25. An aqueous formula may contain 0—12 wt % polymer, 0—12 wt % resin, 0—6 wt % wax, 0.3—1.5 wt % tris(butoxyethyl)phosphate, 1—6 wt % glycol ether, and 0—1 wt % zinc, with water filling the rest. Water-clear floor finishes contain Htfle or no wax, whereas buffable products contain relatively large amounts of wax. Sealers contain Htfle wax and relatively large amounts of emulsion polymers (28). For industrial use, sealers are appHed to porous substrates to fiH the pores and prevent poHshes that are used as topcoats from soaking into the floor. 

White pigmented shellac is used as a primer—sealer for iaterior appHcations. Shellac is used as a protective coating for pharmaceuticals to maintain the potency of medication. Several coats of shellac gla2e protect medication from the effects of stomach acids so that the medication is not released before the tablet reaches the intestines. 

With few exceptions, stains used in wood finishing are formulated to improve the appearance of the substrate. Unlike paints, sealers, and topcoats, stains are utilized either to accentuate the natural beauty of the wood or to hide inherent defects found in most species of wood. 

Toners and Tinted Sealers. These materials are usually pigments dispersed in nonpenetrating lacquers. In some instances, solvent or spirit dyes can be used to improve clarity. The soHds of the vehicle can be adjusted to control the depth of penetration into the substrate. 

Toners can be used in a variety of appHcations, depending on the substrate and the effect desired. They can be sprayed either directiy onto the wood or over other wood stains. The soHds of toners are usually low (5—15 wt %) and generally require the use of a washcoat or sealer prior to topcoating. 

Although the difference between toners and tinted sealers may not be clearly defined, it is usually the role of the tinted sealer to provide both color and sealing properties. Therefore the tinted sealer usually is higher in soHds and provides the majority of color to the finish. There has been a resurgence of popularity of tinted sealers, owing to the appeal of blonde or natural finishes. The fact that tinted sealers are becoming more popular maybe the result in part of their abiHty to fiU the roles of both stain and film builder within a finishing system. 

Both toners and tinted sealers provide uniform pigment distribution without penetration. The use of more transparent pigments can also provide acceptable clarity, but with limited depth and contrast. 

Glazes and Wiping Stains. Some appHcations such as kitchen cabinet finishing utilize wiping stains direct-to-the-wood. In most fine furniture appHcations, wiping stains and glazes are appHed over the washcoat or sealer step. 

Shade Stains. These stains are usually applied after the sealer or first topcoat and are typically sprayed on specific areas to compensate for uneven color distribution during the initial finishing process. For instance, perhaps the gla2e was wiped too clean on an edge. Rather than going back to restain or gla2e that small area, the finisher can spray a small amount of this shade stain on the desired area and achieve the same result in a fraction of the time. 

Pad stains are divided into two groups spray pads and hand pads. The difference between them, not surprisingly, can only be defined by the means of apphcation. Like the shade stains, they are usually appHed over the sealer or first topcoat and subsequendy are topcoated themselves. 

Physical distressing is usually a part of the initial finishing procedure and is done in the white wood stage. Finish distressing is normally part of the latter phases of the finishing operation. Like the pad and shade stains, distressing stains are usually appHed over the sealer or between coats of topcoat. 

Dried film (0.025 mm) oa paper cast from 10 wt % resia ia 60 40 tolueae ethanol heat sealer dwell time, 1.5 s at 0.4 MPa (60 psi). 

Bond and Adhesion (ASTM D1191). This test, designed for use on crack and joint sealers, is used primarily to determine whether a jointing material possesses an arbitrary amount of bonding strength at low temperatures where pordand cement concrete is being used. 

Dichromates and chromic acid are used as sealers or after-dips to improve the corrosion resistance of various coatings on metals. Eor example, phosphate coatings on galvani2ed iron or steel as well as sulfuric acid anodic coatings on aluminum can be sealed by hexavalent chromium baths. 

Unsaturated polyester resin powders can provide a colored and finished exterior molded surface or a finish ready for painting. Normally, a primer/sealer must be appHed to molded articles prior to painting. In addition to the unsaturated polyester resin, multifimctional unsaturated monomers such as triaHyl cyanurate (TAC) [101-37-1] or diaHyl phthalate (DAP) [131-17-9] suitable peroxide initiators (qv) or mixtures thereof, and mold release agents (qv) are used to formulate the coating powder (46). 

It is also common to distress the surface for resemblance to antique furniture. For example, spots of black pigment stain can simulate India ink spots dropped from quiH pens, and dark stains carefully appHed into corners simulate dirt accumulated over many years. When this "art work" is completed, a sanding sealer is appHed to immobilize the lower layers of the finish and to provide a surface that can be sanded smooth. Finally a top coat is appHed and poHshed smooth. 

PWS, open-mouth, heat sealer 1 PE flat-tube tag 16 X 3014 405 X 775 10-mil PE Heat-sealed Fertihzer 55 881 V -in pellets... 

Carton sealing is carried out automatically by adhesives, tape, or staples or manually by tape or staples. Carton closer-sealers have... 

As the packaging material is in motion, the back Seam sealer applies hot air to produce a continuous seal. 

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