Pigment distribution

Both toners and tinted sealers provide uniform pigment distribution without penetration. The use of more transparent pigments can also provide acceptable clarity, but with limited depth and contrast. 

Gaertner, V. and Goldman, I.L., Pigment distribution and total dissolved solids of selected cycles of table beet from a recurrent selection program for increased pigment, J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci, 130, 424, 2005. 

Eisner, A. E. et al. (1998). Foveal cone photopigment distribution Small alterations associated with macular pigment distribution. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 39 2394—2404. 

Sharifzadeh M, Bernstein PS, and Gellermann W (2006), Non-mydriatic fluorescence-based quantitative imaging of human macular pigment distributions, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 23 2373-2387. 

R.L. Airs, J.E. Atkinson and B.J. Keely, Development and application of a high resoltuion liquid chromatographic method for the analysis of complex pigment distributions. J. 

R.L. Airs and B.J. Keely, A high resolution study of the chlorophyll and bacteriochlorophyll pigment distributions in a calcite/gypsum microbial mat. Org. Geochem. 34 (2003) 539-551. 

Pigment distribution is useful for quantitative assessment of phytoplankton community composition, phytoplankton growth rate and... 

Kay QON, Daoud HS, Stirton CH. 1981. Pigment distribution, light reflection and cell structure in petals. Bot J Linn Soc 83 57-84. 

Fig. 12.14. Resonance Raman imaging results for the macular pigment distribution in the retina of a volunteer subject, a Typical gray-scale image obtained after subtraction of fluorescence background from pixel intensity map containing Raman response and superimposed fluorescence background, b Gray-scaled, three-dimensional representation of gray-scale image...

Fig. 12.16. Resonance Raman images of macular pigment distributions obtained for the same subject with the Raman method (a) and with a fluorescence-based imaging method (b) (c) comparison of integrated pigment densities obtained for 16 volunteer subjects with both imaging methods. A high correlation coefficient of R=0.89 is obtained for the correlation between both methods...

Composition uniformity, however, cannot always be evaluated by visual examination. For example, if the additive is colorless, or if we want quantitative answers on blue pigment distribution in the roll of film, we must take testing samples, measure the concentration of the minor component at various points in the film, and analyze these for uniformity. 

DiTullio GR, Smith WO Jr (1996) Spatial patterns in phytoplankton biomass and pigment distributions in the Ross Sea. J Geophys Res 101 18467-18477 DiTullio GR, Hutchins DA, Bruland KW (1993) Interaction of iron and major nutrients controls phytoplankton growth and species composition in the tropical north Pacific Ocean. Limnol Oceanogr 38 495-508 DiTullio GR, Grebmeier JM, Arrigo KR, Lizotte MP, Robinson DH, Leventer A, Barry JP, VanWoert ML, Dunbar RB (2000) Rapid and early export of Phae-ocystis antarctica blooms in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Nature 404 595-598... 

Morel A. and Andre J. M. (1991) Pigment distribution and primary production in the western Mediterranean as derived and modeled from coastal zone color scanner observations. J. Geophys. Res. C. Oceans 96(C7), 12685-12698. 

Figure 10. Phytoplankton pigment distribution in gray shades after original color-coded ocean color image. (Reproduced with permission from Ref. 6. Covuriaht 1983. Plenum Press. ...

Vidussi, F., Claustre, H., Manca, B.B., Luchetta, A. and Marty, J.-C. (2001) Phytoplankton pigment distribution in relation to upper thermocline circulation in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea during winter. Journal of Geophysical Research, 106, 19939-19956. 

Apart from locally confined data, such as the benthic fluxes at definite locations, most GIS programs process grid data or vector data. One example for grid data are the already mentioned remote sensing data of pigment distribution in the surface water, or the ice cover of the ocean which is currently recorded by the Coastal Zone Color Scanner of the NASA or the earth-orbiting NOAA-satelites (cf. Section 12.3.1). These data are... 

Figure 5.2. Uneven pigment distribution (color differences) due to flooding and floating...

In thermoforming extruded sheet, one advantage is that proper color match and pigment distribution can be verified before the final forming operation. 

In particular, molded products covered with metallized films can be highly reflective and lack the flow- and weld-line inconsistencies in metal pigment distribution that can be found in internally pigmented moldings. The films are usually more durable than paint, with lower system costs and a lower environmental footprint as well. However, part compatibility depends on the process and pressures required to form the part and apply the film [6-3]. 

Fig. 1. Profiles of pigment distribution after rate-zone sedimentation. Cell-free extracts were layered onto 5-35% (wl/wt) sucrose gradients prepared over a 4 ml cushion of 60% sucrose and centrifuged at 4 C for 240 min in a Beckman SW27 rotor at 27,000 rpm. The density and antenna BChl concentrations were determined from the refractive index and deconvolution of the absorption spectrum (16) respectively.

Model for the organization of PSI chlorophytl proteins based on polypeptide stoikiometry and pigment distribution... 

Figure 3 Scanning electron micrographs showing pigment distribution in commercial solvent-based (A) and water-based (B) white gloss paints (bar=1 pm).

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