Scoring test methods

In Fig. 11 results are given for sulfosuccinate surfactants of different molecular structure tested according to the Draize skin irritation procedure. The test method defines test scores verbally as described in Table 21. The data in Fig. 11 prove the nonirritant character of sulfosuccinates tested at 10% concentration. Similar results were found for another group of sulfosuccinates [103]... 

Fig. 12). The same holds true for the eye irritation scores. In this case the test method of Draize was again applied. 

In addition to the ASTM method, several useful documents are produced by Oklahoma State University in support of the test method. Particularly useful is an atlas of malformations making it easier to score the results of the toxicity test. Given the relative ease of performing the toxicity test and the supporting documentation, FETAX has found rapid acceptance as a teratogenicity screen in environmental toxicology. 

Bloassays. House fly larvicide tests required a modified (1 7 ), semi-defined (1J5) synthetic diet to rear larvae. A brief description of the test method follows. Fifty freshly deposited eggs (from NAIDM strain of flies) were placed on top of a gel matrix comprised of water (8 ml), synthetic house fly diet (1.5 g), vitamin mixture (0.5 ml), and test compound at the required concentration. Resulting larvae were allowed to develop in the gel (held at 27°C for the duration of the test) to the pupal stage and pupae that survived treatment were counted. From counts, percent inhibition of pupation was calculated. Scoring system (based on percent inhibition of pupation) 0, normal... 

During the early validation studies, the evaluated alternative test methods showed good reproducibility, but no single method was found able to replace the animal test. The main reasons for such an outcome were as follows (a) the variability of the in vivo eye irritation responses, which are linked to the subjectivity of scoring and variability of animal responses (b) the in vitro tests, which... 

The following is a sample scoring rubric (method) used to score an answer to an extended response test item. 

In order to obtain a rapid overview of the test results, a classification was made separately depending on the test method, and this is shown in Table 11.12. The coatings tested were rated using a simple scoring... 

In adtJition, we ll explain the significance of cut-level score ranges and testing methods related to ANSI, ASTM, and EN. You ll come away knowing what each of these means to the cut-resistant glove wearer. Don t miss out on this opportunity to step up your cut-resistant hand protection arsenal. You can be sure, the cut stops here ... 

New Test Methods - A procedure has been established for treat-ing cutaneous Candida albicans infections of the rabbit triamcinolone acetonide (Kenalog Parenteral ) was used to depress host responses before and after localized infection of the ear lobe.15 Therapeutic efficacy of topically applied agents was based on a subjective evaluation of the lesions and culture scores. 

Surface damage, scoring D2782 Test Method for Extreme-Pressure Properties of Lubricating Ruids OK value of for load just below critical scoring condition... 

A method of assessing the toxicity of implants has been proposed based on the effects on cell ultrastructure in organ cultures, on cell surface characteristics, and cell population doubling times. The effects have been correlated with hemorrhage, fibrosis, and necrosis, respectively (103). Poly-e-caprolactone was stated to give minimal tissue reaction and could not be scored in these tests. 

The results of such multiple paired comparison tests are usually analyzed with Friedman s rank sum test [4] or with more sophisticated methods, e.g. the one using the Bradley-Terry model [5]. A good introduction to the theory and applications of paired comparison tests is David [6]. Since Friedman s rank sum test is based on less restrictive, ordering assumptions it is a robust alternative to two-way analysis of variance which rests upon the normality assumption. For each panellist (and presentation) the three products are scored, i.e. a product gets a score 1,2 or 3, when it is preferred twice, once or not at all, respectively. The rank scores are summed for each product i. One then tests the hypothesis that this result could be obtained under the null hypothesis that there is no difference between the three products and that the ranks were assigned randomly. Friedman s test statistic for this reads... 

In non-metric MDS the analysis takes into account the measurement level of the raw data (nominal, ordinal, interval or ratio scale see Section 2.1.2). This is most relevant for sensory testing where often the scale of scores is not well-defined and the differences derived may not represent Euclidean distances. For this reason one may rank-order the distances and analyze the rank numbers with, for example, the popular method and algorithm for non-metric MDS that is due to Kruskal [7]. Here one defines a non-linear loss function, called STRESS, which is to be minimized ... 

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