Salt secondary

Sulfates —0—SO2—0— Primary alkyl salts Secondary alkyl salts 1415-1380 (s) 1200-1185 (s) 1315-1220 (s) 1140-1075 (m) 1270-1210 (vs) 1075-1050 (s) Electronegative substituents increase frequencies. Strongly influenced by metal ion Doublet both bands strongly influenced by metal ion... 

Primary amine Primary alkyl halide Ammonium halide salt Secondary amine Hydrogen halide ... 

The activation of BSSL is specific to primary bile salts. Bile salts, secondary as well as primary, protect BSSL against inactivation by intestinal proteinases. BSSL is inactivated by heating at 50°C for 1 h, but sodium taurocholate prevents loss of activity. The enzyme is stable in buffer for 1 h at 37°C between pH 3.5 and 9. It is inhibited by blood serum, 1M NaCl, protamine sulphate, eserine and diisopropylfluorophosphate (Hernell, 1975 Blackberg and Hernell, 1983). 

The ordinary salt, secondary ammonium phosphate, (NH4)2HP04, is prepared by concentrating a solution of phosphoric acid with addition of sufficient ammonia to prevent the development of an acidic reaction. It forms monoclinic crystals,8 of density 1-6199 or 1-678.10 It readily loses ammonia, with formation of the primary phosphate, the decomposition being rapid at 166° C.11 Above this temperature the primary phosphate is transformed into pyrophosphate. The aqueous solution of the secondary phosphate has a strongly alkaline reaction, and is decomposed by boiling, with evolution of ammonia and formation of the primary salt. 

Disodium hydrogen phosphate disodium phosphate E339 phosphoric acid, disodium salt secondary sodium phosphate sodium orthophosphate. 

Primary amine salt Secondary amine salt... 

The main drawback in SAM synthon is the possibility of synthon B which is a OD HBN incapable of triggering ID growth of fibers required for gelation. Thus, in the attempt to ascertain ID HBN in secondary ammonium salts, secondary ammonium... 

Ammonium phosphate. See Ammonium phosphate, dibasic Ammonium phosphate, dibasic CAS 7783-28-0 EINECS/ELINCS 231-987-8 Synonyms Ammonium phosphate DAP Diammonium hydrogen orthophosphate Diammonium hydrogen phosphate Diammonium phosphate Dibasic ammonium phosphate Phosphoric acid diammonium salt Secondary ammonium phosphate... 

Metal salts Secondary Polyolefin wire and cable These are metal deactivators used in the inner coverings next to the metal. 

Lithium-Metal Salt secondary batteries are analogous to the Lithium-seawater primary battery [3]. A Li -ion solid electrolyte separates a nonaqueous anolyte and an aqueous cathode. For example, a Lithium anode with a carbonate anolyte and an aqueousFe(CN)g /Fe(CN)g cathode has been shown to give aflat voltage F 3.4 V with an efficiency that increases with the molar ratio of iron cyanide in the cathode solution [27]. This promising approach requires development of a Li-ion solid electrolyte having a (Tli > 10 8/cm at room temperature that is stable to an acidic cathode solution and is not reduced by contact with a Li° dendrite on the anode side. 

Lead bismuth cooled small reactor STAR-H2 - the flibe (molten salt) secondary loop... 

The nomenclature of amines is exceptional. By very long custom radical names may be attached to the ending amine, as in ethylamine but it is equally correct to add amine to the parent name, as indicated in Table 4, giving names such as phenanthren-1-amine, quinolin-8-amine, or even ethanamine. The latter practice is often reserved for more complex cases but that is not a necessary limitation. The same alternatives exist for ammonium salts. Secondary and tertiary amines are treated as substitution products of the most complex constituent primary amine, with N- prefixes when substitution elsewhere might be reasonable, as in triethylamine, dimethylamine,... 

The most important reaction of the diazonium salts is the condensation with phenols or aromatic amines to form the intensely coloured azo compounds. The phenol or amine is called the secondary component, and the process of coupling with a diazonium salt is the basis of manufacture of all the azo dyestuffs. The entering azo group goes into the p-position of the benzene ring if this is free, otherwise it takes up the o-position, e.g. diazotized aniline coupled with phenol gives benzeneazophenol. When only half a molecular proportion of nitrous acid is used in the diazotization of an aromatic amine a diazo-amino compound is formed. 

Circular dicliroism has been a useful servant to tire biophysical chemist since it allows tire non-invasive detennination of secondary stmcture (a-helices and P-sheets) in dissolved biopolymers. Due to tire dissymmetry of tliese stmctures (containing chiral centres) tliey are biaxial and show circular birefringence. Circular dicliroism is tlie Kramers-Kronig transfonnation of tlie resulting optical rotatory dispersion. The spectral window useful for distinguishing between a-helices and so on lies in tlie region 200-250 nm and hence is masked by certain salts. The metliod as usually applied is only semi-quantitative, since tlie measured optical rotations also depend on tlie exact amino acid sequence. 

Mono-substituted and unsymmetrical di-substituted ureas may be prepared by a modification of Wohler s urea synthesis, salts of primary or secondary amines being used instead of the ammonium salt for interaction with potassium cyanate. Thus when an aqueous solution containing both aniline hydrochloride and potassium cyanate is heated, aniline cyanate is first formed, and then C,HjNH,HCl -h KCNO = C,H6NHj,HCNO -h KCl C,HsNH HCNO = C.H NHCONH, by the usual molecular rearrangement is converted into monophenyburea. 

The nitrosamines are insoluble in water, and the lower members are liquid at ordinary temperatures. The separation of an oily liquid when an aqueous solution of an amine salt is treated with sodium nitrite is therefore strong evidence that the amine is secondary. Diphenylnitrosoamine is selected as a preparation because it is a crystalline substance and is thus easier to manipulate on a small scale than one of the lower liquid members. For this preparation, a fairly pure (and therefore almost colourless) sample of diphenyl-amine should be used. Technical diphenylamine, which is almost black in colour, should not be employed. 

The Formaldehyde-Formic Acid Method, This method applies to primary and secondary amines, which when boiled with a formalin-formic acid mixture undergo complete methylation to the corresponding tertiary amine. This method has the advantage over the dimethyl sulphate method in that quaternary salts clearly cannot be formed. 

The excess of acid (0-5-1 equivalents) maintains a proper condition of acidity required to stabilise the diazonium salt solution by reducing the secondary... 

Method 2. Place a 3 0 g. sample of the mixture of amines in a flask, add 6g. (4-5 ml.) of benzenesulphonyl chloride (or 6 g. of p-toluenesulphonyl chloride) and 100 ml. of a 5 per cent, solution of sodium hydroxide. Stopper the flask and shake vigorously until the odour of the acid chloride has disappeared open the flask occasionally to release the pressure developed by the heat of the reaction. AUow the mixture to cool, and dissolve any insoluble material in 60-75 ml. of ether. If a solid insoluble in both the aqueous and ether layer appears at this point (it is probably the sparingly soluble salt of a primary amine, e.g., a long chain compound of the type CjH5(CH2) NHj), add 25 ml. of water and shake if it does not dissolve, filter it off. Separate the ether and aqueous layers. The ether layer will contain the unchanged tertiary amine and the sulphonamide of the secondary amine. Acidify the alkaline aqueous layer with dilute hydrochloric acid, filter off the sulphonamide of the primary amine, and recrystaUise it from dilute alcohol. Extract the ether layer with sufficient 5 per cent, hydrochloric acid to remove all the tertiary amine present. Evaporate the ether to obtain the sulphonamide of the secondary amine recrystaUise it from alcohol or dilute alcohol. FinaUy, render the hydrochloric acid extract alkaline by the addition of dilute sodium hydroxide solution, and isolate the tertiary amine. 

The following mechanism appears reasonable (compare Section VI, 12), It assumes that the function of the aluminium ieri.-butoxide, or other alkoxide. is to provide a source of aluminium ions and that the aluminium salt of the secondary alcohol is the actual reactant. Aluminium with its sextet of electrons has a pronounced tendency to accept a pair of electrons, thus facilitating the initial coordination and the subsequent transfer of a hydride ion ... 

There also exists an acidregioselective condensation of the aldol type, namely the Mannich reaction (B. Reichert, 1959 H. Hellmann, 1960 see also p. 291f.). The condensation of secondary amines with aldehydes yields Immonium salts, which react with ketones to give 3-amino ketones (=Mannich bases). Ketones with two enolizable CHj-groupings may form 1,5-diamino-3-pentanones, but monosubstitution products can always be obtained in high yield. Unsymmetrical ketones react preferentially at the most highly substituted carbon atom. Sterical hindrance can reverse this regioselectivity. Thermal elimination of amines leads to the a,)3-unsaturated ketone. Another efficient pathway to vinyl ketones starts with the addition of terminal alkynes to immonium salts. On mercury(ll) catalyzed hydration the product is converted to the Mannich base (H. Smith, 1964). 

Amines are powerful nucleophiles which react under neutral or slightly basic conditions with several electron-accepting carbon reagents. The reaction of alkyl halides with amines is useful for the preparation of tertiary amines or quaternary ammonium salts. The conversion of primary amines into secondary amines is usually not feasible since the secondary amine tends towards further alkylation. 

Addition of several organomercury compounds (methyl, aryl, and benzyl) to conjugated dienes in the presence of Pd(II) salts generates the ir-allylpalladium complex 422, which is subjected to further transformations. A secondary amine reacts to give the tertiary allylic amine 423 in a modest yield along with diene 424 and reduced product 425[382,383]. Even the unconjugated diene 426 is converted into the 7r-allyllic palladium complex 427 by the reaction of PhHgCI via the elimination and reverse readdition of H—Pd—Cl[383]. 

Some recent general reviews deal with the mechanism of N-nitrosation in aqueous solution (345), the nitrosation of secondary amines (346). the effect of solvent acidity On diazotization (347) and the reactivity of diazonium salts (1691). Therefore, a complete rationalization of the reactivity of amino azaaromatics would be timelv. 

A method that achieves the same end result as that desired by alkylation of ammonia but which avoids the formation of secondary and tertiary amines as byproducts is the Gabriel synthesis Alkyl halides are converted to primary alkylamines without contam mation by secondary or tertiary amines The key reagent is the potassium salt of phthal imide prepared by the reaction... 

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