Insoluble solid

I. I-dichli)rt)ethene, I. l-dichloroethylene, asymmetric dichloroethene, CH2=CCl2, colourless liquid, b.p. 37 C. Prepared by heating 1,1,1- or 1,1,2-trichloroethene with excess lime at 70-80 C. Polymerizes readily to an insoluble solid. 

B). Many nitriles when treated with hydrogen peroxide in warm alkaline solution undergo hydrolysis to amides which can thus be readily obtained in high yield. Insoluble liquid nitriles can be treated directly in the aqueous suspension, but for insoluble solid nitriles the addition of a suitable organic solvent to give a complete solution may be desirable, although the completion of the hydrolysis may not then be so readily detected. 

Dilute sodium hydroxide solution (and also sodium carbonate solution and sodium bicarbonate solution) can be employed for the removal of an organic acid from its solution in an organic solvent, or for the removal of acidic impurities present in a water-insoluble solid or liquid. The extraction is based upon the fact that the sodium salt of the acid is soluble in water or in dilute alkali, but is insoluble in the organic solvent. Similarly, a sparingly soluble phenol, e.g., p-naphthol, CioH,.OH, may be removed from its solution in an organic solvent by treatment with sodium hydroxide solution. 

An insoluble solid that forms when two or more soluble reagents are combined. 

The specific ability of certain finely divided, insoluble solids to sta-bihze foam has long been known [Berkman and Egloff, op. cit., p. 133 and Bikerman, op. cit.. Chap. II]. Bartsch [Kolloidchem. Beth, 20, I (1925)] found that the presence of fine galena greatly extended the life of air foam in aqueous isoamyl alcohol, and the finer the sohds, the... 

Composition Uiagrants In its elemental form, a leaching system consists of three components inert, insoluble solids a single non-adsorbed solute, which may be liqmd or solid and a single solvent. Thus, it is a ternaiy system, albeit an unusual one, as already mentioned, by virtue of the total mutual Mnsolubility of two of the phases and the simple nature of equilibrium. 

Naphthalene-l-sulfonyl chloride [85-46-1] M 226.7, m 64-67°, 68°, b 147.S°/0.9mm, 147.S°/13mm. If the IR indicates the presence of OH then treat with an equal weight of PCI5 and heat at ca 100° for 3h, cool and pour into ice + H2O, stir well and filter off the solid. Wash the solid with cold H2O and dry the solid in a vacuum desiccator over P2O5 + solid KOH. Extract the solid with pet ether (b 40-60°) filter off any insoluble solid and cool. Collect the crystalline sulfonyl chloride and recryst from pet ether or C6H6 pet ether. If large quantities are available then it can be distd under high vacuum. [Fierz-Davaid and Weissenbach Helv Chim Acta 3 2312 1920.] The sulfonamide has m 150° (from EtOH or H2O). 

Where inerting is not used, one guideline restricts operations to metal or enameled metal tanks having a volume no greater than 5 m, a diameter no greater than 3 m and all conductive parts grounded. The liquid should contain a maximum of 1 wt% insoluble solids, have a maximum feed rate of 60 L/min and the delivery pressure should not exceed 50 bar. The vessel should be continuously drained to prevent liquid accumulation [127]. 

In either case the Pb contains numerous undesirable metal impurities, notably Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Sn, As and Sb, some of which are clearly valuable in themselves. Copper is first removed by liquation the Pb bullion is melted and held just above its freezing point when Cu rises to the surface as an insoluble solid which is skimmed off. Tin, As and Sb are next removed by preferential oxidation in a reverberatory furnace and skimming off the oxides alternatively, the molten bullion is churned with an oxidizing flux of molten NaOH/NaN03 (Harris process). The softened Pb may still contain Ag, Au and perhaps Bi. Removal of the first two depends on their preferential solubility in Zn the mixed metals are cooled slowly from 480° to below 420° when the Zn (now containing nearly all the Ag and Au) solidifies as a crust which is skimmed off the... 

Procedure The sodium methoxide is cautiously added in portions to 200 ml of methanol with stirring. Some heat is evolved. To this warm solution is rapidly added the ethyl acetoacetate with continued stirring. The solution is stirred for 10 minutes and then cooled in an ice-salt-acetone mixture (-25°C). If desired a Dry Ice-acetone cooling bath may be used to shorten the addition time. The crude material from (B) is dissolved in 200 ml of methanol. At this point it Is probably easier to filter this mixture by suction to remove a large amount of insoluble solid, which is probably sodium chloride. The solid may be rinsed with more methanol. 

Sometimes when water solutions of two different ionic compounds are mixed, an insoluble solid separates out of solution. The precipitate that forms is itself ionic the cation comes from one solution, the anion from the other. To predict the occurrence of reactions of this type, you must know which ionic substances are insoluble in water. 

Precipitate A solid that forms when two solutions are mixed, 78 Precipitation diagram, 78 Precipitation reaction Formation of an insoluble solid when two electrolyte solutions are mixed, 78,95-96q diagram, 78... 

Among the chemical methods proposed for the objective measurement of maturity may be listed total solids, alcohol-insoluble solids, and starch, based upon the fact that these constituents increase in concentration with maturity. Each has its limitations and advantages, and all are equally applicable as long as the limitations are taken into account. These methods as they apply to frozen peas have been discussed by Nielsen and co-workers (31) and by Lee (22). 

The determination of alcohol-insoluble solids as a means for grading peas can... 

Additional problems that may cause serious contamination of the treated MU water are those related to carryover and after-precipitation from external treatment processes. Both of these processes may result in the presence of insoluble solids in the various lines, tanks, and valve areas of the pre-boiler section. Some solids may even pass through to the boiler. 

In a precipitation reaction, an insoluble solid product forms when we mix two electrolyte solutions. When an insoluble substance is formed in water, it immediately precipitates. In the chemical equation for a precipitation reaction, we use (aq) to indicate substances that are dissolved in water and (s) to indicate the solid that has precipitated ... 

STRATEGY First, write and balance the complete ionic equation, showing all the dissolved ions as they actually exist in solution, as separate, charged ions. Insoluble solids are shown as complete compounds. Next, cancel the spectator ions, the ions that remain in solution on both sides of the arrow. 

We can now see why nature has adopted an ionic solid, calcium phosphate, for our skeletons the doubly charged small Ca2+ ions and the triply charged P04, ions attract one another very strongly and clump together tightly to form a rigid, insoluble solid (Fig. 2.8)... 

As a starting point we can view the ocean as one large reservoir to which materials are continuously added and removed (Fig. 10-17). The major sources of material include rivers and winds, which carry dissolved and particulate materials from the continents to the sea. The major removal process is the formation of marine sediments both by settling of particles through the water column as well as by precipitation of insoluble solid phases. For many ele-... 

The possibility of all kinds of morphology from linear, low relative molar mass molecules to three-dimensional networks means that silicones are found in a range of physical forms, from fluids through to insoluble solids. 

The diversity of chemical reactions is immense. To make sense of this vast expanse of chemistry, we need a system for grouping chemical reactions into categories. The reactions within each category should share some characteristics or follow a common theme. One relatively simple category is precipitation reactions, in which cations and anions in aqueous solution combine to form neutral insoluble solids. 

Figure 3 Size fractionation of EDTA-soluble polyuronides from Rutgers and transgenic fruit juice processed by cold- and hot-break methods. Pectin from processed juice was extracted as ethanol-insoluble solids and size fractionated on a Sepharose CL4B column. Under the same chromatographic conditions, elution of the branched dextrans with average molecular mass 2000, 500, 252, 151, 40 and 17.7 kD-peaked in fraction number 46, 50, 54, 62, 67 and 72, respectively. Modified from Thakur et al. [23].

Rouse, A.H. 1951. Effect of insoluble solids and particle size of pulp on the pectinesterase activity in orange juice. R. State Hort. Soc. Proc. 64 162-166. 

Preparation of the alcohol insoluble solids (AIS) The content of the can was drained and the carrot cubes were immediately frozen in hquid nitrogen, freeze-dried and milled. Carrot powder (ca. 10 g) was mixed with 200 ml 80% ethanol previously heated to 60°C. After filtration the residue was extracted with ethanol until the filtrate was colorless (5 times) and gave negative reaction with phenol-sulfuric acid test (Dubois et al., 1956). 

Effect of CaCl2 on firmness, alcohol insoluble solids content and degree of methylation (DM%) of carrots canned by conventional and by a new process... 

Pectins from different tissue zones, namely epidermis, the outer parenchyma, the parenchyma of the Ccirpels zone, the carpels and the core line, were isolated firom alcohol-insoluble solids (AIS. In both zones of parenchyma, the cell-wall material represented about 80% of the total cell-wall material from the whole fruit. The pectins from the outer parenchyma accounted for 70% of the total. However, there was no change in galacturonic acid concentration. The enzymatic solubilisation of tissues or AIS was higher in the parenchyma zones than in the others. Nevertheless, the depolymerisation of the soluble pectins from parenchyma zones with an endopolygacturonase required the action of pectin methylesterase. The depoiymerisation of pectins from the other zones, however, did not. 

Composition of alcohol-insoluble solid (AIS) in different tissue zones of apple... 

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