Radicals names

Sulfonium Compounds. Sulfonium compounds of the type R R R S X are named by citing in alphabetical order the radical names followed by -sulfonium and the name of the anion. For heterocyclic compounds, -ium is added to the name of the ring system. Replacement of > CH by sulfonium sulfur is denoted by the prefix thionia-, and the name of the anion is added at the end. 

Organosulfur Halides. When sulfur is directly linked only to an organic radical and to a halogen atom, the radical name is attached to the word sulfur and the name(s) and number of the halide(s) are stated as a separate word. Alternatively, the name can be formed from R—SOH, a sulfenic acid whose radical prefix is sulfenyl-. For example, CH3CH2—S — Br would be named either ethylsulfur monobromide or ethanesulfenyl bromide. When another principal group is present, a composite prefix is formed from the number and substitutive name(s) of the halogen atoms in front of the syllable thio. For example, BrS—COOH is (bromothio)formic acid. 

Esters are named by replacing the ending -ic acid with the suffix -ate. The alcohol portion of the ester is named by replacing the -ane ending of the parent hydrocarbon name with the suffix -yl. The alkyl radical name of an ester is separated from the carboxylate name, eg, methyl formate for HCOOCH. Amides are named by changing the ending -oic acid to -amide for either systematic or common names, eg, hexanamide and acetamide. 

The locant is preferably placed directly before the -yl suffix, but may be placed before the parent name if no ambiguity results (in those cases where the radical name is substantially altered from that of the parent, the locant is conventionally placed in front of the name of... 

In addition, entries in the List of Radical Names in IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry, 1979 Edition, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1979, pp. 305-322) will also be used in their unabbreviated forms, both in the text and in structures. 

One of the steps in the radical chain selenosulfonation of multiple bonds (vide infra) is equation 10, in which the R radical attacks via a SH2 reaction the Se-aryl areneselenosul-fonates to regenerate a sulfonyl radical, namely. 

The product distribution derived from the disproportionation of sulfonyl radicals is expected to be dependent on the conditions under which the reaction is being carried out thus, in hydrogen donor solvents, the formation of ArS020H should be important while at higher temperatures the formation of an aryl radical, namely... 

Esters are named by prefixing the hydrocarbon radical name to the reminder of the name and replacing the ending -ic or -ous with -ate or -ite, respectively. For example, CH3P(0) (OC2H5)2 is named diethylmethylphosphonate or diethyl-methanephosphonate. 

Partial esters are named via insertion of the term hydrogen (separated by spaces) between the ester radical name and the parent name. For example, CH3P(OH)OC2H5 is named ethyl hydrogen methylphosphonite or ethyl hydrogen methanephosphonite. 

However, in most cases photolysis of XS(0)Y alone produced much weaker signals from the radical XSO than when mixtures of the compounds with peroxides were irradiated. A mechanism has been proposed which involves hydrogen abstraction to form species 4, the fragmentation of which gives the sulfinyl radical, namely... 

Similarly alcohols and amines are oxidized with chain propagation via two kinds of peroxyl radicals, namely aminoalkyl peroxyl and hydroperoxyl according the following scheme ... 

Since two different peroxyl radicals, namely, H02 and a-aminoalkyl peroxyl, take part in chain propagation and termination, the values of kp and kt rate constants are effective. They depend on the ratio of the concentrations of these two peroxyl radicals. The decay of... 

The steric factor P is high enough for the bimolecular reaction to occur when two radicals met in the cage. This reaction is limited only by translational diffusion of the reacting radicals and depends on the viscosity of the solvent. The rate constant of such reaction is close to the frequency of encounters of radicals, namely, k = a, kn = 0.25 x 47rrABZ)AB = RT 100007] where spin-statistical factor, rAB is the sum of radii of reactants A and B, and DAB is the sum of their diffusion coefficients. 

In the high-temperature oxidation of large paraffin molecules, the chain initiation step is one in which a CC bond is broken to form hydrocarbon radicals namely,... 

The cation-radical of permethyldithia[6]radialene provides one, even more pertinent, example of the steric control over spin delocalization (Gleiter et al. 1996). As described, the unpaired electron is delocalized only in one half of this cation-radical, namely, within the limits of the 2,3-dithiatetramethyl-butadiene unit. Owing to the steric demand of the isopropilidene groups, two of the four methylene groups are twisted, whereas the other two are coplanar (see Scheme 3.16). It seems... 

Fig. 5 Conformers of -propylperoxy radical, named according to the conformational preferences around the central C—C bond, then around the C—O bond, [courtesy of John Merle (J Phys Chem A 2005 109 3637-3646). Reprinted with permission of J Phys Chem A.]...

Element name Radical name Element name Radical name... 

The addition of nitrobenzene into oxidized ester decreases the oxidation rate to some limit (v -> Voo at [PhN02] —> oo) [37]. Such a limitation of the retarding action occurs as a result of the participation of two types of peroxyl radicals, namely, R02 and H02 ... 

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