Safety performance modification

Modem behavior-modification programs rely on the identification and reinforcement of safe behaviors. Considerable improvements in measures of safety performance have been attributed to the introduction of these approaches (see McSween, 1993, for a petrochemical example). However, other studies have indicated that performance may return to its original level if the programs are withdrawn. It is therefore important to maintain a continuing program to ensure that the initial levels of improvements are maintained. Also, the benefits of behavior modification programs have mainly been demonstrated in the context of work activities where there is a high level of... 

Despite extensive development and a rigorous adherence to procedures, one cannot guarantee absolutely that a medicine will never fail under the harsh abuses of real-life usage. A proper quality assurance system must include procedures for monitoring in-use performance and for responding to customer complaints. These must be followed up in great detail in order to decide whether one s carefully constructed schemes for product safety require modification, to prevent the incident recurring. 

Our excellent safety performance over the past seven years has been a key factor in reducing our insurance cost. Our low EMR [Experience Modification Rate], incidents rates, and SHARP Management System have impressed our customers and, in many cases, was a key factor in selecting Parsons to perform their project. 

Do the OSHA statistics—the recordable case rate and the lost workday case rate —for an exposure of 1,000,000 hours have a confidence level of, say, 68.27%, as measures of the quality of safety performance An entity of this size would more than likely purchase workers compensation insurance and have an experience modification as an additional measure. 

One option available to the safety professional is to modify current practices to bring the safety performance in line with the goals and standards. This may require the implementation of new programs, the modification or enforcement of current programs, or the selection of more appropriate performance measures that are indicative of the true levels of safety performance. 

The insurance loss experience for an organization is closely related to its safety performance. An understanding of how insurance premiums are calculated and the type of impact accidents can have upon premiums can provide the safety manager with an additional method for measuring safety performance. Along with measures of lost workdays and recordable accidents, insurance industry measures should also be part of the safety performance measurement and improvement process. Examples of quantifiable insurance markers that are indicative of safety performance are loss ratios, experience modification rates, and expense ratios. These insurance industry measures are yet another type of performance measure available to the safety professional. 

The behavior modification technique is a valuable method to use for industries with well-defined organizations (such as a plant or manufacturing setting). For those companies with a diversified and constantly changing workforce, the idea of instituting a zero-incidents concept may be more readily absorbed. For industries faced with turnover and cultural norms that interfere with safety performance, a safety movement that follows the zero-incidents concept may be right for you. 

Functional safety below specification Systematic fault experience Change in safety legislation Modifications to the EUC and use Modification to the overall safety requirements Analysis of operations and maintenance performance below target Routine functional safety audits... 

Employee behaviour modification processes, as with all other human processes, can become stale and ineffective. A significant proportion of the safety improvement comes from the early interaction between the observer and the observed. If this process becomes superficial then few improvements in safety performance can be expected. Refreshing the whole intervention process periodically is essential and can be achieved by ... 

There is a lack of willingness to make a sustained commitment over several years. Behaviour modification processes are seen as a quick fix to boost safety performance. 

Safety performance Experience Modification Rating (EMR) Recordable injury/illness information (e.g., OSHA 300A summaries) Number of hours worked number of OSHA-recordable injuries/illnesses number of fatalities number of lost workday (LWD) cases Recordable or LWD incidence rates (no. recordable or LWD cases x 200,000/ employee hours worked) List of OSHA notices of violation and fines Safety/health-related judgments, claims, contract terminations, or pending/ outstanding lawsuits... 

The sodium fusion and extraction, if performed strictly in accordance with the above directions, should be safe operations. In crowded laboratories, however, additional safety may be obtained by employing the follow ing modification. Suspend the hard-glass test-tube by the rim through a hole in a piece of stout copper sheet (Fig. 69). Place 1 -2 pellets of sodium in the tube, and heat gently until the sodium melts. Then drop the organic compound, in small quantities at a time, down — =. the tube, allowing the reaction to subside after each addition before the next is made. (If the compound is liquid, allow two or three small drops to fall at intervals from a fine dropping-tube directly on to the molten sodium.) Then heat the complete mixture as before until no further reaction occurs. 

The safety review report is distributed to the committee which meets to work its way through the report, section by section, discussing safety concerns and potential improvements to the process or procedure. An individual must be designated to take minutes at the meeting and record suggested modifications. If the review concerns an existing process, the committee should perform a site visit to examine the actual equipment. 

NOTE Contractors unable to meet host organization requirements for accident rates or experience modification rates may submit a written safety enhancement program designed to bring project performance in line with host organization requirements which will be implemented for all work done for the host organization. If approved by the host organization health and safety professional, the safety enhancement plan will become part of the contractor s job-specific safety plan and the contractor may be approved. 

Safety Rc icw - to ensure that the EHS facility is operated as designed, that no unauthorized modifications were performed, mid that new facilities and modifications arc designed according to state of the art technology... 

Key Performance Indicators Preparation for maintenance, the control of modifications, and the testing of protective equipment are examples of key performance indicators i.e., taken together, they indicate uie quality of the plant s and company s process safety. If they are below standard, the plant is at risk. The usual measure of safety, the lost-time accident (LTA) rate, does not measure process safety. Many companies that had a low LTA rate and assumed that their process safety was therefore under control have experienced serious fires and explosions. 

Similar structural modification was also performed on PC. Trifluoropropylene carbonate (TFPC) was synthesized in the hope that a novel electrolyte free of linear carbonates could be formulated with improved safety in the case of fire. - Like ClEC and EEC, it is liquid at room temperature with a high flash point (134 °C), but its high viscosity results in slower ion transport within the electrolytes, because the maximum ion conductivity at room temperature... 

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