True leveling

Clothing insulation, resultant The true level of thermal insulation provided by clothing under given conditions,, in Clo m2 C W- . 

The major drawback of this method is that Bonferroni s Inequality is a conservative correction, especially if some of the hypotheses being tested are not independent. When many SNPs in the same gene are evaluated, for example, and are in LD with each other, the Boneferroni correction would not be appropriate, resulting in the possibility of false negatives or failure to detect a true association. A better approach would be to test the true level of significance directly through simulations. 

Many modern dishwashers have a container for Jet-Dry cleaning liquid. The use of Jet-Dry eliminates unsightly water stains from clear glassware. This liquid or its equivalent is typically filled once a month or whenever the storage container is empty. The traditional approach to monitor the level of Jet-Dry liquid was to use a little window that showed the liquid level. This, however, was not a very precise indicator of the true level of the liquid left in the container. 

Thiols, protein or small molecular weight, can be S-nitrosated either by reaction with N O-oxidation products (Scheme 4.1) in hydrophobic domains of plasma proteins or transnitrosated at the cell-plasma interface of NO-producing cells (endothelial cells) or NO-storing cells (RBCs). Efforts to determine the true levels in plasma and in the various cellular compartments are complicated owing to thermal sensitivity and photosensitivity (Sexton et al., 1994 Alpert et al., 1997 Mutus et al., 1999) of the RS-NO bond. Techniques currently employed for the detection and quantification of RSNOs have been summarized in recent reviews (Martinez Riuz and Lamas, 2004 Rasaf et al., 2004). 

We can see that a single evaluation of output from a system does not, by itself, necessarily represent the true level of the output from a system [Mandel (1964)]. Consider the following data set obtained by repetitive evaluation of the output of the system shown in Figure 3.1. 

Leveling in the Presence of Leveling Agents True Leveling, We first consider the case of uneven current distribution that results in increased roughness of the surface. 

Figure 10.15. True leveling on a V-groove produced by nonuniform current distribution, ir > ip, in the presence of a leveling agent (a) nonuniform current density and deposit thickness, hs and hg, after time t = l (b) evolution of a groove profile during deposition activation control.

Since the method does not distinguish between various benzidine-based dyes and analytically pure dyes are not easily available, recovery correction factors cannot be used. This will cause the results to be equal to or below the true level of dye exposure. 

For example, finished-product release specifications such as content uniformity are rarely correlated to clinical evidence rather, they are set according to compendial test standards. Furthermore, the functional relationship between in-process material characteristics and finished-product quality is seldom known at a high level hence, the assigned in-process specifications for some operations may over- or underestimate the true level of process capability. As the level of process understanding in the pharmaceutical industry increases, development of science- and evidence-based in-process and release specifications will improve the reliability of Cpk as a tool for process characterization. 

If the depth of the crevices, vias, or similar on the cathode is small (about 10 /zm to 1 cm), the distribution of current and thus that of the deposit should be uniform. In most cases, however, one observes that deposit is thicker over micro peaks (bumps) than, say, micro valleys. Such state of affairs is referred to as bad micro throw. When the opposite is true, one talks about true leveling. From simple geometric considerations it follows that given a V-shaped recess, even in the case of uniform metal distribution, still at the bottom the deposit would be expected to be thicker than at the top. However, pronounced leveling is obtainable by using suitable additives. These kinds of additives are known as levelers. ... 

At the present it is known that repetitive thawing and refreezing of urine samples results in disappearance of phenols (22). In order to establish the true level of urinary phenols, it is important to perform the analysis as soon as possible after the sample is collected or to freeze the sample immediately and keep it frozen until analysis. 

In the case of microscopy, our chief concern is with the representativeness of the sample itself, and hence the uppermost consideration is with its preparation. The amount of sample measured affects only the accuracy of the final average, whereas the pipette volume actually alters the true level from which computations are made. 

REMOL ANL is a true leveling agent for cationic dyes. The use of the product results in excellent migration of the dyestuffs and shows minimal effect on dyestuff exhaustion at recommended quantities. 

True leveling agent for cationic dyes on acrylic fibers. Promotes dye migration. 

Normal doses of 5a-reductase inhibitors reduce serum PSA levels by 50%. For this reason, PSA levels must be measured before treatment begins, and the patient should have a digital rectal examination. After 6 months of therapy, the patient should have a repeat PSA. If the level does not decline by 50% and the patient has been adherent to the 5a-reductase inhibitor regimen, he should be evaluated for prostate cancer. Annually thereafter, the patient should have a PSA assay and digital rectal examination, and patients with any rise in PSA levels should be evaluated for prostate cancer. To interpret a PSA level in a patient being treated with a 5a-reductase inhibitor, it is generally recommended that the actual measured level be doubled to get an estimate of the true level. 

Cortisol and cortisone have been identified and assayed in cord blood by several groups (B37, H9, J3, U4, Table 5), and the implications of the results have been discussed in Section 4.2.3. Little information is available on the concentration in abnormal infants. Cathro and Coyle (C4) found a low level of cortisol in an infant with congenital adrenal hypoplasia (3.3, ag/100 ml), and James (J3) measured the concentration of cortisol and cortisone in the cord blood of two infants born to mothers with acute adrenal insufficiency. The compounds must have been formed almost entirely by the fetus since negligible quantities of cortisol were found in the maternal blood. The low levels of cortisol (2.5 /ig/100 ml) and cortisone (4 /ng/100 ml) found for these fetuses is difficult to explain unless they represent the true levels of the steroids in the fetoplacental circulation, which are normally boosted by transfer from the mother during the stress of childbirth (see Section 4.2.3). 

The gluco.se result log book kept by insulin-dependent diabetics who perform home monitoring may at first sight appear to show good and consistent glucose control. This may not always represent the truth. The clinician should determine the true level of control by close questioning and objective assessments such as Hb A,., or fructosamine. 

Accuracy—trueness closeness of results to the certified or assmned true level (based on recovery of analyte from CRMs or fortified blank samples)... 

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