Safety management system types

Basic division in a process safety management system that correlates to the type of work that must be done (e.g., management of change [MOC]). 

Process safety metrics are critical indicators for evaluating a process safety management system s performance. Tracking the number of process safety incidents is one common measure of performance, but merely tracking the number of incidents after the fact is insufficient to understand the system failure that allowed the incident to occur and what can be done to prevent a recurrence. More than one metric and more than one type of metric are needed to monitor performance of a process safety management system. A comprehensive process safety management system should contain a variety of different metrics that monitor different dimensions of the system and the performance of all critical elements. 

The occupational safety and health community uses various names to describe systematic approaches to reducing injuries and illnesses in the workplace. Consensus and international standards use the term Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems OSHA currently uses the term Injury and Illness Prevention Programs and others use Safety and Health Programs to describe these types of systems. Regardless of the title, they all systematically address workplace safety and health hazards on an ongoing basis to reduce the extent and severity of work-related injuries and illnesses. 

How can you achieve these things Whether you are a motor carrier safety veteran or a rookie new to the transport safety arena, this manual will help you develop, implement, and maintain a total and comprehensive safety management system for your operation — regardless of type, size, or function. 

These types of hazards could have been avoided if good process safety management systems were in place, including consideration of reactive chemistry issues, handling and storage of individual reactive chemicals, and proper understanding of the process operations. 

On July 25, 2005, the American National Standards Institute approved the Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems Standard, designated as ANSUAIHA Z10-2005. Thus, for the first time in the United States, a national consensus standard was issued for safety and health management systems applicable to organizations of all sizes and types. 

The type and amount of formal documentation necessary to effectively manage an Occupational Health and Safety Management system should be commensurate with... 

Most safety arguments eontain a set of assertions about processes and the eompe-tence of people with safety management responsibilities. The evidenee to support this type of argument comes fi om safety assessment/audit. A review takes place, independently of the day to day ineumbent, of the effectiveness and efficiency of the safety management system. It is an inherent feature of most systems that they are developed and improved within the scope of experience of a discrete set of professionals, and that it is easy for the working practices to have weaknesses which are difficult for the embedded staff to detect. 

Risk Management This first chapter provides an overview ot satety management in the offshore oii and gas industry. Trends within the industry are discussed, aiong with an assessment ot the impact of the Deepwater Horizon incident. A description of the different types of safety— occupationai, process and technicai —is provided, aiong with a description of Safety Management Systems. 

In the previous chapter, it was established that in industry, plant hazards can cause harm to property (plant—machinery, asset), people, or the environment. So, it is important to develop some means of analyzing these and come up with a solution. Unfortunately, it is not as straightforward as it sounds. There are plenty of plant hazard analysis (PHA) techniques and each of them has certain strengths and weaknesses. Also each specific plant and associated hazard has specific requirements to be matched so that hazard analysis will be effective. In this chapter, various hazards (in generic terms) will be examined to judge their importance, conditions, quality, etc. so that out of so many techniques available for PHA it is possible to select which one is better (not the best because that needs to be done by experts specifically for the concerned plant) suited for the type of plant. So, discussion will be more toward evaluation of PHA techniques. Some PHA is more suited for process safety management (PSM) and is sometimes more applicable for internal fault effects [e.g., hazard and operability study (HAZOP)]. In contrast, hazard identification (HAZID) is applicable for other plants, especially for the identification of external effects and maj or incidents. HAZID is also covered in this chapter. As a continuation of the same discussion, it will be better to look at various aspects of risk analysis with preliminary ideas already developed in the previous chapter. In risk analysis risk assessment, control measures for safety management systems (SMSs) will be discussed to complete the topic. 

One of the recommendations of the Baker Panel Report following the Texas Qty Refinery explosion was that BP should establish and implement an integrated and comprehensive process safety management system that systematically and continuously identifies, reduces and manages process safety risks at its US refineries. The CSB Investigation Report made similar recommendations. These recommendations are equally applicable to sites with Buncefield-type potential. 

Steven Covey described these types of projects as unimportant and not urgent . This type of project gives you and the organization the perception that you are very busy even if those projects have no relevance to the safety management system. Always ask the question, does this project add value to the safety culture or the safety management system (Covey, 1990). 

After reviewing many types of safety management systems and comparing their elements side by side, it is evident that six basic core principles are the vital link to developing and sustaining a safety culture. 

The following sections will provide a brief summary of the 15 DMAIC steps in conducting a Six Sigma type review of the safety management system. 

Successful implementation of the system requires management commitment to be vested in the system, effective allocation of resources, and a high level of employee participation. The scope and complexity of a Elealth and Safety management system will vary according to the size and type of workplace. 

Two types of safety management systems are available— government-related as both mandated and voluntary, and voluntary systems developed by nationally and internationally recognized standards agencies and professional societies. 

Roles and responsibilities will define the types of leadership skills that are necessary to support the safety management system and avoid or reduce the potential for active and latent errors that lead to loss-producing events. The following are examples of some assigned safety roles for each category ... 

Define the types of leadership skills that are necessary to support the safety management system. 

Inspections, observations, and walk-throughs are a core feature of a safety management system. This subcommittee assists in coordinating the various types of surveys, reviews, and inspections of facilities and operations. It would review checklist and inspection formats to ensure that these remain current, are kept up to date and consistent and are routinely scheduled. The subcommittee assists in training on each of the various formats used (Coble et al., n.d.). 

Discuss types of safety management system assessments. 

Refer to Figure 14.1, Basic Safety Management System Assessment Process . Two types of assessments are used ... 

Discuss the types of safety management systems assessments. 

Here there is a need for managers to ask themselves this question what is the very worst possible type of incident or event that could arise in the business activity For most types of organisation this could be a major escalating fire, but other types of major incident should be considered, such as an explosion, collapse of a scaffold, flood or serious vehicular traffic accident. The need for some form of emergency plan should be considered. See also Chapter 4 -Safety Management Systems. 

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