Rylands studies

Isolated proximal tubules have been utilized to study the mechanisms of nephrotoxicity induced by antibiotics (Sina et al., 1985, 1986), radiocontrast dyes (Humes et al., 1987), metals (Rylander et al., 1985), anoxia (Weinberg, 1985 Weinberg et al., 1987), cellular oxidants (Messana et al., 1988), cysteine conjugates (Rylander et al., 1985 Schnellman et al., 1987 Zhang and Stevens, 1989), and a variety of nephrotoxic bromobenzene metabolites (Schnellman and Mandel, 1986 Schnellman et al., 1987). 

In a study involving over 5000 workers in 23 U.S. cotton spinning mills, Rylander, Imbus, and Suh (8) reported statistically significant correlations between dust levels and the decrease in measured lung function (FEVj ) during the work shift, but also noted that the level of correlation improved when bacterial levels in the fiber were included as a variable in the calculations. 

Lundholm and Rylander (29) studied the total airborne dust bacteria in cotton mills in Sweden and in England. A 20% byssi-nosis prevalence correlated with bacterial counts of 3cfu/L in England and with 51cfu/L in Sweden. Rylander concluded that the AFEV] correlates best with the square root of the number of gramnegative bacteria per gram in bale cotton multiplied by the dust levels when the cotton is carded. 

Rylander-Rudqvist, T., Hakansson, N., Tybring, G., and Wolk, A. (2006) Quality and quantity of saliva DNA obtained from the self-administrated oragene method—a pilot study on the cohort of Swedish men. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 15,1742-1745. 

G. Axelsson and R. Rylander. Exposure to anaesthetic gases and spontaneous abortion response bias in a postal questionnaire study. Int. J. Epidemiol., 11 (1982) 250-256. 

Environmental Exposure. In addition to the occupational studies, a retrospective environmental epidemiology study was conducted of 810 lung cancer deaths in residents of a county in Sweden where two ferrochromium alloy industries are located. No indication was found that residence near these industries is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer (Axelsson and Rylander 1980). 

Rylander R. 1974. Review of studies on environmental tobacco smoke. Scand J Respir Dis 91 10-20. 

Studies on the hydrogenation of fatty acids and oils over platinum group metals have been reviewed by Rylander.107 Zajcew studied the hydrogenation of tall oil fatty acids over carbon-supported platinum metals in methanol at 28°C and atmospheric hydrogen pressure.108 The activity increased in the order Ru < Ir < Pt < Rh... 

Rylander et al. studied the effect of carriers and water on the stereochemistry of hydrogenation of o-, m-, and / -xylenes over rhodium and ruthenium catalysts at room temperature and an initial hydrogen pressure of 0.44 MPa.66 As seen from the results shown in Table 11.6, carbon-supported catalysts give less trans isomers than do the other supported catalysts. With a few exceptions, rhodium catalysts tend to produce the trans isomers more than do ruthenium catalysts. It is noted that the presence of water greatly reduced the proportion of trans isomer in the hydrogenations of o- and m-xylenes with Ru-C and of p-xylene with Rh-C. 

Rylander and Himelstein studied the hydrogenation of resorcinol over supported platinum, palladium, rhodium, and palladium-rhodium as catalysts in ethanol at 65°C and an initial hydrogen pressure of 0.34 MPa. Extensive hydrogenolysis to give cyclohex -anol took place over 5% Pt-C, 5% Pd-C, and 2.5% Pd-2.5% Rh-C, and the yields of cyclohexane-1,3-diol were only 18.7-26.2%. Rhodium catalysts caused hydro-... 

Rylander and Kilroy studied the formation of cyclohexyl phenyl ether intermediate in the hydrogenation of phenyl ether over binary platinum-rhodium oxide catalysts in cyclohexane at room temperature and atmospheric hydrogen pressure. The yield of the intermediate varied greatly with the catalyst composition. The highest yield (48%) was obtained over the catalyst consisting of 30% Pt-70% Rh.149... 

Most of the metallic oxidants which have been used for the oxidation of ethers have been based on oxides of the transition metals chromium, manganese and ruthenium, the latter being of greatest synthetic importance. The first reported example of the application of ruthoiium tetroxide in the oxidation of ethers tqipeared over 30 years ago in 1958, although an indication of its reactivity towards ethers had been obt ed some years before. In a systematic study which revealed the powerful oxidizing properties of the reagent, Berkowitz and Rylander demonstrated the quantitative conversion of tetrahydrofuran and R-butyl ether into y-butyrolactone and butyl butyrate, respectively. Significantly, no overoxidation was observed. Apart f m an unsuccessful attempt to oxidize ethylene oxide, no fitter attempts were made by the authors to examine further the scope of this novel transformation. In a series of subsequent publications and a patent, Wolf and his coworkers went on to exploit the reaction in the preparation of aldosterone and relr steroids (equation 1). 

Rylander L, Rignell-Hydbom A, Hagmar L. A cross-sectional study of the association between persistent organochlorine pollutants and diabetes. Environ Health 4 28. 

Rylander L, Stromberg U, Hagmar L. 1998a. Agreement between reported fish consumption obtained by two interviews and its impact on the results in a reproduction study. Eur J Epidemiol 14(l) 93-97. 

Littorin, M., Rylander, L., Skarping, G., Dalene, M., Welinder, H., Stromberg, U., and Skerfving, S., Exposure biomarkers and risk from gluing and heating of polyurethane a cross sectional study of respiratory symptoms, Occup. Environ. Med., 57, 396-405, 2000. 

Chun D.T., Chew V., Bartlett K., Gordon T. Jacobs R.R., Lars.son B.-M., Larsson L., Lewis D.M., Lie-sivuori J., Michel O., Milton D.K., Rylander R., Thorne P.S., White E.M. and Brown M.E. (1998) Report on the results of a round robin endotoxin assay study using cotton dust. In press. 

Filming and surface settlement of marine larvae has been studied by Crisp and Ryland (77) and Crisp and Meadows (78), and they have found that a water soluble component of arthropod cuticle, arthropod n, greatly facilitates adhesion to solids. 

This problem has been adapted with permission from the late Professor C. N. Satterfield of MIT. The data in Table P12.15 were obtained by I. M. Karpenko in an unpublished study described by P. N. Rylander in Catalytic Hydrogenation Over Platinum Metals (p. 39, Academic Press, New York, 1967). Nitrobenzene in ethanol was hydrogenated at... 

Because catalysis by solids will almost certainly play a major role in organic syntheses of the future, surface science studies involving complex organic molecules are being increasingly undertaken (see, e.g., Rylander, 1979, 1985 Molnar, 1985 Kim and Barteau, 1989 Joyner, 1990 Idriss et al., 1992 Schulz and Cox, 1992, 1993 Pierce and Barteau, 1995 and the recent review by Smith, 1996). However, this book will not be concerned with such mechanistic considerations. 

In an earlier study, Rylander et examined the fragment ions... 

Figure 12 IR absorbance spectra of three similar dearcoat resins. These spectra are indistinguishable but addition of a second analytical tedmique as shown in the next figure, can facilitate discrimination. Reproduced with permission from Ryland. S. G., etal., Discrimination of the 1990s Original Automobile Paint Systems A Collaborative Study of Black Nonmetallic Base CoatIClear Coat Finishes Using Infrared Spectroscopy." Journal of Forensic Sciences 46 (2001), 31-45. Copyright 2001ASTM International.

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