Questionnaires studies

We may rather suspect the inverse direction of causation, that the nature of R T is such that it is desirable to play with friends. Firstly, if R T confers benefits, it is best to give/share such benefits with friends (or kin, such as siblings or relatives). Second, R T will be safer with friends we have seen from the questionnaire studies how play with... 

The Company Questionnaire Study A Nation-Wide (UK) Survey of Female Sexual Behaviour... 

The correlates of attitudes toward lithium compliance in bipolar patients were studied by Cochran and Gitlin (189). This questionnaire study was part of a larger design looking at factors in lithium prophylaxis. The questionnaire packets were sent to 146 patients, 48 of whom were ultimately included in the analysis. This study evaluated the usefulness of Ajzen and Fishbein s Theory of Reasoned Action to explain the relationships among lithium-related beliefs and attitudes, normative beliefs, behavioral intentions, and self-reported compliance with treatment. According to the model, lithium patients normative beliefs (i.e., beliefs that other relevant people such as family, friends, personal psychiatrist, and lithium experts want the patient to take lithium) predict their subjective norms, which is the expectation that others want them to take lithium. Subsequently, both the subjective norm and the evaluative behavioral attitudes (i.e., positive nature of treatment) were predictive of the patients reported intent to take lithium. This, in turn, was predictive of concurrent self-reported compliance with the medication regimen. These results underscore the importance of the patient-physician relationship in lithium compliance. 

Psychedelic Review editors. "The Subjective After-Effects of Psychedelic Experiences A Summary of Four Recent Questionnaire Studies." In Weil, G. R., Metzner, R., and Leary, T. R. Psychedelic Reader, New Hyde Park, N.Y. University Books, 1965. 

There is a higher incidence of impaired sexual function in men who take finasteride compared with placebo (58,59). The incidence of erectile dysfunction has been estimated at 5% (60), but it is difficult to estimate, since in many users of the drug other causes are present, including advanced age, heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, smoking, and hypercholesterolemia. Benign prostatic hyperplasia itself can also aggravate or even induce erectile dysfunction. A questionnaire study in New Jersey... 

Monk T, Buysse D, Welsh D, Kennedy K, Rose L. A sleep diary and questionnaire study of naturally short sleepers. J Sleep Res 2001 10 173-179. 

Walters AS, Hickey K, Maltzman J, Verrico T, Joseph D, Hening W, Wilson V, Chokroverty S (1996) A questionnaire study of 138 patients with restless legs syndrome the night-walkers survey. Neurology 46 92-95... 

Both interview and register data have their pitfalls. Inaccuracy of spontaneous abortion recall has been observed in retrospective questionnaire studies (2, 3). Response bias and some evidence of recall bias has also been reported (2, 4). The use of registered data may help to avoid these problems. 

G. Axelsson and R. Rylander. Exposure to anaesthetic gases and spontaneous abortion response bias in a postal questionnaire study. Int. J. Epidemiol., 11 (1982) 250-256. 

The experimental methods and the available comparison groups were such that only large effects were likely to be uncovered. The large standard errors, the initial differences between the exposed and nonexposed groups, the possibility that more than one exposure might have led to the same adverse effect, and the self-reporting nature of the questionnaire study all would tend to obscure small differences. 

In a 1980 review there were 68 cases of trazodone overdosage in amounts ranging up to 5 g (12 times the maximum therapeutic dose) (32). The predominant symptoms were drowsiness, dizziness, and rarely coma. There were no deaths in patients who took trazodone alone, and only two in those who took it in combination with other potentially lethal drugs. A brief review of data obtained from 46 cases of trazodone overdose reported to the National Poisons Information Service in London showed that 25 of the patients took overdoses of trazodone alone, while 21 took trazodone in combination with other drugs (33). This retrospective questionnaire study had inherent methodological flaws, but it did lend credence to the belief that trazodone is safe in overdose. 

Metzner, R., and Editors of Psychedelic Review. 1963. The subjective aftereffects of psychedelic experiences A summary of four recent questionnaire studies. Psychedelic Review 1 18-26. 

Metzner, R., G. Litwin, and G. M. Weil. 1965. The relation of expectation and mood to Psilocybin reactions A questionnaire study. Psychedelic Review 5 339. 

Patients with migraine who use daily codeine or other opioids can be more susceptible to chronic daily headaches this is evident in opiate overuse. In a pilot questionnaire study of 32 patients who used codeine or other opioids for control of their bowel motility after colectomy, chronic daily headaches occurred in those who were misusing opioids, but only if they had pre-existing migraine (3). The study had significant limitations, including the small sample size, diagnosis by means of a mailed questionnaire, a short duration of overuse of opioids, and the fact that it was uncontrolled. 

Sidebotham PD, Lenton SW. Incidence of adverse reactions after administration of high dose diphtheria with tetanus vaccine to school leavers retrospective questionnaire study. BMJ 1996 313(7056) 533. ... 

In a questionnaire study of 11 121 Japanese patients, 216 (1.4%) developed immediate adverse reactions and 1058 (9.5%) reported having had delayed reactions after intravenous contrast administration during various CT examinations (30). Delayed reactions were reported by 18 patients (13%) of the 136 patients with immediate reactions who answered the questionnaire. All the patients, with the exception of 360 who received the non-ionic dimer iotrolan, were given non-ionic... 

Lauwerys R, Roels H, Genet P, et al. 1985. Fertility of male workers exposed to mercury vapor or to manganese dust A questionnaire study. Am J Ind Med 7 171-176. 

Chalder T, Hotopf M, Hull L et al. (2001). Prevalence of Gulf war veterans who believe they have Gulf war syndrone questionnaire study. Br Med J, 323, 473-476. 

Riala R, Heikkila P, Kaverva L. 1998. A questionnaire study of road pavers and roofers work-related skin problems and bitumen exposure. Int J Dermatol 37 27-30. 

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