Carbon-Supported Platinum

Electrochemical nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a relatively new technique that has recently been reviewed (Babu et al., 2003). NMR has low sensitivity, and a typical high-held NMR instrument needs 10 to 10 NMR active atoms (e.g., spins), to collect good data in a reasonable time period. Since 1 cm of a single-crystal metal contains about 10 atoms, at least 1 m of surface area is needed to meet the NMR sensitivity requirement. This can be met by working with carbon-supported platinum... 

Park S, Xie Y, Weaver MJ. 2002. Electrocatal3dic pathways on carbon-supported platinum nanoparticles Comparison of particle-size-dependent rates of metbanol, formic acid, and formaldehyde electrooxidation. Langmuir 18 5792-5798. 

Antolini E, Passos RR, Ticianelh EA. 2002. Electrocatalysis of oxygen reduction on a carbon supported platinum-vanadium alloy in polymer electrol3de fuel cells. Electrochim Acta 48 263-270. 

Andreaus B, Maillard F, Kocylo J, Savinova ER, Eikerling M. 2006. Kinetic modeling of COad monolayer oxidation on carbon-supported platinum nanoparticles. J Phys Chem B 110 21028-21040. 

Bergamaski K, Pinheiro ALN, Teixeira-Neto E, Nart EC. 2006. Nanoparticle size effects on methanol electrochemical oxidation on carbon supported platinum catalysts. J Phys Chem B 110 19271-19279. 

Park S, Tong YY, Wieckowski A, Weaver MJ. 2002a. Infrared spectral comparison of electrochemical carhon monoxide adlayers formed by direct chemisorption and methanol dissociation on carbon-supported platinum nanoparticles. Langmuir 18 3233-3240. 

Rice C, Tong YY, Oldfield E, Wieckowski A, Hahn F, Gloaguen F, Leger J-M, Lamy C. 2000. In situ infrared study of carbon monoxide adsorbed onto commercial fuel-cell-grade carbon-supported platinum nanoparticles correlation with C NMR results. J Phys Chem B 104 5803-5807. 

Nashner MS, Frenkel Al, Adler DL, Shapley JR, Nuzzo RG. 1997. Structural characterization of carbon supported platinum-ruthenium nanoparticles from the molecular cluster precursor PtRu5(CO)i6. J Am Chem Soc 119 7760. 

Frelink T, Visscher W, vanVeen JAR. 1995. Particle-size effect of carbon-supported platinum catalysts for the electrooxidation of methanol. J Electroanal Chem 382 65-72. 

Park S, Wasileski SA, Weaver MJ. 2001. Electrochemical infrared characterization of carbon-supported platinum nanoparticles A benchmark structural comparison with single-crystal electrodes and high-nuclearity carbonyl clusters. J Phys Chem B 105 9719 -9725. 

Catalytic Dehydrogenation of Tetralin over Carbon-Supported Platinum Nanoparticles under Superheated Liquid-Film... 

Kinetic analysis with a Langmuir-type rate equation (Equation 13.4) [37] gave us the magnitudes of reaction rate constant (k) and retardation constant due to product naphthalene (K) for the superheated liquid film (0.30 g/1.0 mL) and the suspended states (0.30 g/3.0 mL) with the same Pt/C catalyst as summarized in Table 13.2. It is apparent that excellent performance with carbon-supported platinum nanoparticles in the superheated liquid-film state is realized in dehydrogenation catalysis on the basis of reaction rate and retardation constants. 

To examine the catalyst deterioration under the present superheated liquid-film conditions, a long-term tetralin dehydrogenation over the carbon-supported platinum catalyst (Pt/C) was carried out under the superheated liquid-film conditions (heating temperature 240°C) at the amount ratio of 1.1 g/0.5 mL/min [13]. Figure 13.21 shows the time courses of reaction rate and conversion in the tetralin dehydrogenation. High conversion (around 50%) was maintained for longer than 5 h. 

Time courses of dehydrogenation activities with carbon-supported platinum catalyst under superheated liquid-film conditions in laboratory-scale continuous operation. Catalyst platinum nanoparticles supported on granular activated carbon (Pt/C, 5 wt-metal%), 1.1 g. Feed rate of tetralin 0.5 mL/min (superheated liquid-film conditions). Reaction conditions boiling and refluxing by heating at 240°C and cooling at 25°C. (Reproduced from Hodoshima, Sv Shono, A., Satoh, Kv and Saito, Yv Chem. Eng. Trans8,183-188, 2005. With permission.)... 

Taylor, A. D., Kim, E. Y, Humes, V. R, Kizuka, J., and Thompson, L. T. Inkjet printing of carbon supported platinum 3-D catalyst layers for use in fuel cells. Journal of Power Sources 2007 171 101-106. 

Cho, Y. H., Park, H. S., Cho, Y. H., Jung, D. S., Park, H. Y, and Sung, Y. E. Effect of platinum amount in carbon supported platinum catalyst on performance of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell. Journal of Power Sources 2007 172 89-93. 

Carbon-supported platinum (Pt) and platinum-rathenium (Pt-Ru) alloy are one of the most popular electrocatalysts in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFC). Pt supported on electrically conducting carbons, preferably carbon black, is being increasingly used as an electrocatalyst in fuel cell applications (Parker et al., 2004). Carbon-supported Pt could be prepared at loadings as high as 70 wt.% without a noticeable increase of particle size. Unsupported and carbon-supported nanoparticle Pt-Ru, ,t m catalysts prepared using the surface reductive deposition... 

Bo, L. and Quan, X. and Wang, X. and Chen, S. (2008). Preparation and characteristics of carbon-supported platinum catalyst and its application in the removal of phenolic pollutants in aqueous solution by microwave-assisted catalytic oxidation. 

From the very beginning of fuel cell development, soot and other active carbons because of their high internal surface, amounting typically to 100 m2/g, had been the most important catalyst supports for fuel cell electrodes. Platinum can be utilized on soot to a higher extent than in the form of dispersed platinum as Pt black. Carbon-supported platinum is the fuel cell catalyst of choice for the cathode as well as for the anode (135, 136). 

D. Richard, P. Gallezot, in Preparation of Highly Dispersed Carbon Supported Platinum Catalysts, B. Delmon, P. Grange, P.A. Jacobs, G. Poncelet (Eds.), Preparation of catalysts IV, 1987, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam, the Netherlands. 

Yu X, Ye S, (2007). Recent advances in activity and durability enhancement of Pt/C catalytic cathode in PEMFC. Part II Degradation mechanism and durability enhancement of carbon supported platinum catalyst. Journal of Power Sources 172 145-154... 

FIGURE 14 Size-dependent changes in the Pt L3-edge EXAFS of carbon-supported platinum nanoparticles. Representative ( -weighted EXAFS (A), and magnitude of the FT (B), representing the samples described in the text (Frenkel et al., 2001). Reprinted with permission from (Frenkel et al, 2001). Copyright 2001 American Chemical Society. 

---