Risk assessment identification

Risk Assessment. Identification of potential risks (step one) was based on an analysis of the taxonomic and ecological characteristics of the parental organisms, the functional changes in the microorganisms brought about by the genetic alteration, the mechanism of pesticidal action, and the nature and scope of the proposed field trials. Evaluation of these four areas was the basis for identification of potential hazards and mechanisms for exposure, which in turn were used to formulate the risk issues. ... 

Risk assessment - Identification of initiating events Cause analysis and consequence analysis - Risk picture... 

The standard has both general and detailed requirements. General requirements include documentation of the system safety approach, identification of hazards, risk assessment, identification of risk mitigation measures, reduction of risk to an acceptable level, verification of risk reduction, review of hazards and acceptance of residual risk, and tracking of hazards and residual risk. When a government contract specifies MIL-STD-882D and no other requirement, only the general requirements apply. 

Open File 6996 (VanDine 2012) reviews the elements and steps of an effective landslide risk management process initiation, risk assessment (identification, analysis, evaluation) and risk treatment. The associated aspects of communication and consultation as well as monitoring and review as they relate to landslide risk management are also addressed and it provides the basis for Open File 7312 (ftp //ftp2.citsjncan.gc. ca/pub/geott/ess pubs 89/289863/of 6996.pdf). 

Patient safety is the process by which an organisation makes patient care safer. This should involve risk assessment, identification and management of patient related risk, reporting and analysis of incidents, and the capacity to learn from and follow up incidents and implement solutions to minimise the risk of them recurring. (NHS 2004)... 

Fig. 1. Flow chart representing the complete hazard identification and risk assessment procedure.

An important part of hazard analysis and risk assessment is the identification of the scenario, or design basis by which hazards result in accidents. Hazards are constandy present in any chemical faciUty. It is the scenario, or sequence of initiating and propagating events, which makes the hazard result in an accident. Many accidents have been the result of an improper identification of the scenario. 

The remaining step in the hazard identification and risk assessment procedure shown in Figure 1 is to decide on risk acceptance. For this step, few resources are available and analysts are left basically by themselves. Some companies have formal risk acceptance criteria. Most companies, however, use the results on a relative basis. That is, the results are compared to another process or processes where hazards and risks are weU-characterized. 

Hazard identification involves gathering and evaluating data on the types of health injury or disease that may be produced by a chemical and on the conditions of exposure under which injury or disease is produced. It may also involve characterization of the behavior of a chemical within the body and the interactions it undergoes with organs, cells, or even parts of cells. Hazard identification is not risk assessment. It is a scientific determination of whether observed toxic effects in one setting will occur in other settings. 

Wells, G., Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment, Rugby, Warwickshire, UK Institution of Chemical Engineers, 1996. 

A risk assessment analyses systems at two levels. The first level defines the functions the system must perform to respond successfully to an accident. The second level identifies the hardware for the systems use. The hardware identification (in the top event statement) describes minimum system operability and system boundaries (interfaces). Experience shows that the interfaces between a frontline system and its support systems are important to the system cs aluaiion and require a formal search to document the interactions. Such is facilitated by a failure modes and effect analysis (FMEA). Table S.4.4-2 is an example of an interaction FMEA for the interlace and support requirements for system operation. 

Hazard identification Risk assessment of existing operations Reduction of risk... 

Process risk management Management of residual risk through hazard identification, risk assessment and reduction, emergency preparedness, and working with suppliers and customers (including carriers) apply... 

This chapter has provided an overview of a recommended framework for the assessment of human error in chemical process risk assessments. The main emphasis has been on the importance of a systematic approach to the qualitative modeling of human error. This leads to the identification and possible reduction of the human sources of risk. This process is of considerable value in its own right, and does not necessarily have to be accompanied by the quantification of error probabilities. 

Banks, W., Wells, J. E. (1992). A Probabilistic Risk Assessment Using Human Reliability Analysis Methods. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Hazard Identification and Risk Analysis, Human Factors, and Human Reliability in Process Safety. New York American Institute of Chemical Engineers, CCPS. 

Most human or environmental healtli hazards can be evaluated by dissecting tlie analysis into four parts liazard identification, dose-response assessment or hazard assessment, exposure assessment, and risk characterization. For some perceived healtli liazards, tlie risk assessment might stop with tlie first step, liazard identification, if no adverse effect is identified or if an agency elects to take regulatory action witliout furtlier analysis. Regarding liazard identification, a hazard is defined as a toxic agent or a set of conditions that luis the potential to cause adverse effects to hmnan health or tlie environment. Healtli hazard identification involves an evaluation of various forms of information in order to identify the different liaz.ards. Dose-response or toxicity assessment is required in an overall assessment responses/cffects can vary widely since all chemicals and contaminants vary in their capacity to cause adverse effects. This step frequently requires that assumptions be made to relate... 

An appropriate sampling program is critical in the conduct of a hcaltli risk assessment. This topic could arguably be part of the exposure assessment, but it has been placed within hazard identification because, if the degree of contamination is small, no further work may be necessary. Not only is it important that samples be collected in a random or representative manner, but the number of samples must be sufficient to conduct a statistically valid analysis. The number needed to insure statistical validity will be dictated by the variability between the results. The larger the variance, tlic greater the number of samples needed to define tire problem, ... 

What arc some of the important complications in the "hazard identification step of the health risk assessment process ... 

The following factors should be reviewed in the liazard identification step of a risk assessment effort ... 

Altliough the technical conununity has come a long way in understanding how to do a better job in luizard identification, dose-response assessment, and exposure assessment portions of risk assessment, it lias only begun to understand how to best cluiractcrize hcaltli risks and how to present tliese risks most appropriately to both the public and decision makers. Tlie next tliree sections specifically address tlicse issues. Tliis section deals witli qualitative risk assessment while tlie next two sections deal witli quantitative risk assessment. 

Our new appreciation of the role of inflammation in atherosclerosis shows the way for translation of these novel biological insights to clinical practice, for example by aiding the identification of individuals at risk of adverse cardiovascular events [5]. In this context, inflammatory biomarkers such as CRP merit rigorous consideration for inclusion in risk assessment strategies. In addition, these scientific advances provide a framework... 

Hazard identification and risk assessment and risk control. 

At present the approach to assessing the potential risks of exposure to a chemical in the diet involves the application of a standardised risk assessment approach consisting of three main elements - hazard identification and characterisation and exposure assessment. 

FIGURE 7.1.3 Process of hazard identification, Source SSC, First report on the harmonisation of risk assessment procedures, Part 1, October 2000. )... 

The degree of confidence in the final estimation of risk depends on variability, uncertainty, and assumptions identified in all previous steps. The nature of the information available for risk characterization and the associated uncertainties can vary widely, and no single approach is suitable for all hazard and exposure scenarios. In cases in which risk characterization is concluded before human exposure occurs, for example, with food additives that require prior approval, both hazard identification and hazard characterization are largely dependent on animal experiments. And exposure is a theoretical estimate based on predicted uses or residue levels. In contrast, in cases of prior human exposure, hazard identification and hazard characterization may be based on studies in humans and exposure assessment can be based on real-life, actual intake measurements. The influence of estimates and assumptions can be evaluated by using sensitivity and uncertainty analyses. - Risk assessment procedures differ in a range of possible options from relatively unso-... 

Professor Martel s book addresses specifically some of the more technical eispects of the risk assessment process, mainly in the areas of hazard identification, and of the consequence/effect analysis elements, of the overall analysis whilst where appropriate setting these aspects in the wider context. The book brings together a substantial corpus of information, drawn from a number of sources, about the toxic, flammable and explosive properties and effect (ie harm) characteristics of a wide range of chemical substances likely to be found in industry eind in the laboratory, and also addresses a spectrum of dangerous reactions of, or between, such substances which may be encountered. This approach follows the classical methodology and procedures of hazard identification, analysing material properties eind... 

Environment Polymer identification additive risk assessments... 

Wells, G. L. (1996) Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (Institution of Chemical Engineers, London). Wells, G. L. (1997) Major Hazards and their Management (Institution of Chemical Engineers, London). 

In this chapter the risk assessment is briefly introduced. Risk assessment is divided into four steps hazard identification, hazard characterization, exposure assessment, and risk characterization. This chapter also highlights five risk and life cycle impact assessment models (EUSES, USEtox, GLOBOX, SADA, and MAFRAM) that allows for assessment of risks to human health and the environment. In addition other 12 models were appointed. Finally, in the last section of this chapter, there is a compilation of useful data sources for risk assessment. The data source selection is essential to obtain high quality data. This source selection is divided into two parts. First, six frequently used databases for physicochemical... 

The organization for economic co-operation and development (OECD) defines risk assessment as the process intended to calculate or estimate the probability, including the identification of attendant uncertainties, of an adverse effect in an... 

Human Health Risk Assessment 3.1 Hazard Identification... 

For the two aforementioned steps, hazard identification and hazard characterization, data adequacy is of high importance. The data adequacy is defined by the reliability and the relevance of the data for human risk assessment [3],... 

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