Rhabdomyosarcomas

Dactinomycin is useful against several tumors especially Wilms tumor of the kidney and rhabdomyosarcoma. Wilms tumor normally requires a combination of surgery, x-ray irradiation, and dactinomycin plus vincristine [57-22-7] or other antitumor agents. Resistance of the multidmg... 

USP (Oncovin) vindesine sulfate [59917-39 ] C43H55N5O7 -H2S0 852.01 (50) chil-dren lymphocytic leukemia Hodgkin s disease non-Hodg-kin s lymphomas Wilm s tumor neuroblastoma rhabdomyosarcoma, investigational dmg (paresthesias, foot drop, double vision, etc) constipation ileus alopecia leu-kopenia (occasional) ... 

Three rats had interstitial cell ademona of testis, 1 renal nephroblastoma, 1 rhabdomyosarcoma. 

Krenacs, T., Stiller, D., Krenacs, L., Bahn, H., Molnr, F., and Dux, L. (1990) Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca +-ATPase as a marker of muscle-cell differentiation immunohistochemical investigations of rhabdomyosarcomas and enhancement of immunostaining after sodium methoxide treatment. Acta Histochem. 88, 159-166. 

Wan X, Shen N, Mendoza A, Khaima C, Helman LJ. (2006) CCI-779 Inhibits rhabdomyosarcoma xenograft growth by an antiangiogenic mechanism... 

Studies of the metabolism of vincristine and vinblastine have been complicated by chemical alterations of the drugs that occur during processing of samples for analysis. Extraction of these compounds under acidic conditions has been reported to minimize chemical degradation, and HPLC studies of the metabolism of vincristine indicate that microsomal preparations from mouse liver, but not those from human rhabdomyosarcoma tissue, convert vinblastine to 4-deacetyl vinblastine in vitro (38). 

Keleti, J., Quezado, M., Abaza, M., Raffeld, M., and Tsokos, M. (1996). The Mdm2 oncoprotein is overexpressed in rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines and stabilizes wild type p53 protein, Amer J Pathol 149,143-151. 

Rhabdomyosarcomas developed in rats injected intramuscularly with the powder of either pure cobalt metal or cobalt oxide. In other studies implantation of cobalt caused local fibrosarcomas in rabbits, but inhalation studies in hamsters did not reveal any increase in tumors from cobalt oxide. Lifetime exposure to cobalt sulfate by inhalation resulted in increased incidence of alveolar/bronchiolar neoplasms and a spectrum of inflammatory, flbrotic, and proliferative lesions in the respiratory tract of male and female rats and mice. ... 

Chronic animal studies have also yielded varying results. Intratracheal implantation of lead chromates in rats failed to significantly increase the carcinogenic response after 2 years. Intrapleural administration caused a 9% incidence of lung tumors in rats within 19-21 months. Intramuscular injection resulted in lymphomas, renal tumors, fibrosarcomas, and rhabdomyosarcomas at the site of injection in rats. ... 

Chronic 2-year studies showed a significant increase in the incidences of adenomas and carcinomas of the nasal cavity in high-dose rats fed diets containing 3000ppm of 2,6-xylidine. The carcinomas were highly invasive and frequently destroyed the nasal turbinates and nasal septum. Rhabdomyosarcomas, a rare tumor of the nasal cavity were also observed in the high-dose male and females. The nonneo-plastic lesions observed in the nasal cavity included acute inflammation, epithelial hyperplasia, and squamous metaplasia. In addition, subcutaneous fibromas and fibrosarcomas occurred in both males and females and there was an increased incidence of neoplastic nodules in the livers of female rats. 

Petricoin EF, Espina V, Araujo RP et al (2001) Phosphoprotein pathway mapping Akt/mam-malian target of rapamydn activation is negatively associated with childhood rhabdomyosarcoma survival. Cancer Res 67 3431-3440... 

Chastagner P, Merlin JL, Marchal C, et al. In vivo potentiation of radiation response by topotecan in human rhabdomyosarcoma xenografted into nude mice. Clin Cancer Res 2000 6(8) 3327-3333. 

Its mechanism of action is based on intercalation in the minor groove of double stranded DNA, interference with RNA polymerase and with topoiso-merase II. Its primary indications are rhabdomyosarcoma and Wilms tumor in children. In combination with methotrexate, it is used in the treatment of choriocarcinoma. 

Raney RB, Asmar L, Newton WA, Bagwell Ch, Bren-eman JC, Crist W et al. Ewing s sarcoma of soft tissues in childhood A report from the Intergroup rhabdomyosarcoma study, 1972-1991. J Cfin Oncol 1997 15 574-82. 

Childhood Acute lymphocytic leukemia Burkitt s sarcoma Ewing s sarcoma Retinoblastoma Rhabdomyosarcoma Wilms tumor... 

The treatment of Hodgkin s disease also illustrates the use of combined modalities, that is, radiation plus chemotherapy. The combined modality approach to several childhood tumors (e.g., Ewing s sarcoma, Wilms tumor, and rhabdomyosarcoma) has dramatically increased the cure rates for these diseases. 

Dactinomycin is used in curative combined treatment of Wilms tumor, Ewing s sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and gestational choriocarcinoma. It is active in testicular tumors, lymphomas, melanomas, and sarcomas, although its use in most of these malignancies has been supplanted by other agents. 

Wilms tumor, Ewing s sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, gestational choriocarcinoma, testicular tumors, lymphomas, melanomas Breast, ovarian, endometrial, bladder, thyroid cancers oat cell cancer of the lung Testicular, ovarian germ cell cancers, small-cell lung cancer, acute myelogenous and lymphoblastic leukemia... 

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