Childhood rhabdomyosarcoma

Petricoin EF, Espina V, Araujo RP et al (2001) Phosphoprotein pathway mapping Akt/mam-malian target of rapamydn activation is negatively associated with childhood rhabdomyosarcoma survival. Cancer Res 67 3431-3440... 

Parham DM, Webber B, Holt H, et al. Immunohistochemical study of childhood rhabdomyosarcomas and related neoplasms Results of an Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study project. Cancer. 1991 67 3072-3080. 

Tsokos M. The diagnosis and classification of childhood rhabdomyosarcoma. Semin Diagn Pathol. 1994 11 26-38. 

Kodet R, Newton Jr WA, Hamoudi AB, et al. Childhood rhabdomyosarcoma with anaplastic (pleomorphic) features. A report of the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study. Am J Surg Pathol. 1993 17 443-453. 

Dias P, Kumar P, Marsden HB, et al. Evaluation of desmin as a diagnostic and prognostic marker of childhood rhabdomyosarcomas and embryonal sarcomas. Br J Cancer. 1987 56 361-365. 

San Miguel-Fraile P, Carrillo-Gijon R, Rodriguez-Peralto JL, Badiola lA. Prognostic significance of DNA ploidy and proliferative index (MIB-1 index) in childhood rhabdomyosarcoma. Am J Clin Pathol. 2004 121 358-365. 

Tobar, A., Avigad, S., Zoldan, M. et al. (2000) Clinical relevance of molecular diagnosis in childhood rhabdomyosarcoma. Diag Mol Pathol, 9, 9-13. 

Raney RB, Asmar L, Newton WA, Bagwell Ch, Bren-eman JC, Crist W et al. Ewing s sarcoma of soft tissues in childhood A report from the Intergroup rhabdomyosarcoma study, 1972-1991. J Cfin Oncol 1997 15 574-82. 

Childhood Acute lymphocytic leukemia Burkitt s sarcoma Ewing s sarcoma Retinoblastoma Rhabdomyosarcoma Wilms tumor... 

The treatment of Hodgkin s disease also illustrates the use of combined modalities, that is, radiation plus chemotherapy. The combined modality approach to several childhood tumors (e.g., Ewing s sarcoma, Wilms tumor, and rhabdomyosarcoma) has dramatically increased the cure rates for these diseases. 

Therapeutic modalities in cancer treatment may involve surgery, radiation, and/or chemotherapy. The objectives of cancer chemotherapy include (1) cure, (2) reduction in tumor size, and (3) prolongation of life. At the present time, approximately 50 percent of patients with cancer can be cured, with drug treatment estimated to contribute in 17 percent of cases. Cancer chemotherapy can be curative in testicular cancer, diffuse large cell lymphoma, Hodgkin s disease, choriocarcinoma, certain childhood tumors (acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Burkitt s lymphoma, Wilms tumor, and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma). Certain cancers are more resistant to chemotherapy than others (e.g., lung and colon). 

Rhabdomyosarcoma is a mesenchymal tumour of grey colour with partially cystic growth. (12) It mainly occurs during childhood. (277) The tumour cells appear small, round or spindle-like, hyperchromatic, occasionally with eosinophilic cytoplasm. (279) They show various stages of differentiation of embryonal skeletal muscle cells. This tumour originates from peribiliary located muscu-... 

The small round cell tumors of soft tissue (Fig. 4.9 see Table 4.4) compose a heterogeneous group of neoplasms that predominate in childhood and adolescence and share similar morphologic features. Rhabdomyosarcoma, PNET/ES, and lymphoma/leukemia are the prototypic members of this group. Another entity that may be confused with PNET is the intra-abdominal desmoplastic small round cell tumor. 

Cintorino M, Vindigni C, DelVecchio MT, et al. Expression of actin isoforms and intermediate filament proteins in childhood orbital rhabdomyosarcomas. J Submicrosc Cytol Pathol. 1989 21 409-419. 

Dias P, Parham DM, Shapiro DN, et al. Myogenic regulatory protein (MyoDl) expression in childhood solid tumors Diagnostic utility in rhabdomyosarcoma. Am J Pathol. 1990 13 1283-1291. 

Kodet R. Rhabdomyosarcoma in childhood. An immunohisto-logical analysis with myoglobin, desmin and vimentin. Pathol Res Pract. 1989 185 207-213. 

Gattenloener, S., Vincent, A., Leuschner, I. et al. (1998) The fetal form of the acetylcholine receptor distinguishes in rhabdomyosarcoma from other childhood tumors. Am J Pathol, 152, 437—447. 

Magnusson S, Gisselsson D, Wiebe T, Kristofferson U, Borg A, Olsson H. Prevalence of germline TP53 mutations and history of Li-Fraumeni syndrome in families with childhood adrenocortical tumors, choroid plexus tumors, and rhabdomyosarcoma a population-based survey. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2012 50 846-53. 

Surgical excision is still the cornerstone of therapy for Wilms tumor, the most common malignant neoplasm of the urinary tract, and rhabdomyosarcoma, the most common soft-tissue sarcoma in childhood. 

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