Carbon dioxide release

Lithium Peroxide. Lithium peroxide [12031 -80-0] Li202, is obtained by reaction of hydrogen peroxide and lithium hydroxide in ethanol (72) or water (73). Lithium peroxide, which is very stable as long as it is not exposed to heat or air, reacts rapidly with atmospheric carbon dioxide releasing oxygen. The peroxide decomposes to the oxide at temperatures above 300°C at atmospheric pressure, and below 300°C under vacuum. 

Manometric determiaation of L-lysiae, L-argioine, L-leuciae, L-ornithine, L-tyrosiae, L-histidine, L-glutamic acid, and L-aspartic acid has been reviewed (136). This method depends on the measurement of the carbon dioxide released by the T.-amino acid decarboxylase which is specific to each amino acid. 

Carbon dioxide released into the steam ultimately dissolves in condensate to produce carbonic acid. This acid is normally controlled by neutralization and beyond to provide a pH level of over 8.0, via the use of appropriate amines or amine blends. Examples of neutralization reactions for morpholine and cyclohexylamine (CHA) are shown here ... 

Measurements of product gas evolution, mass loss or evolved gas analysis may all be used to study the kinetics of a solid—solid interaction provided that there is strict adherence to the condition that gas evolution occurs concurrently with the solid state process. Clearly this approach is only applicable if there is direct experimental support for a single step process. For example, carbon dioxide release is identified [410] as being... 

There have been several kinetic studies of the calcination of dolomite [29], a reaction of considerable technological importance. As in many reversible reactions, the rate of carbon dioxide release is sensitive to the prevailing pressure of this product (.Pco2) in the vicinity of the reaction interfaces. At low pressures (PCo2 < 12 Torr), reaction proceeds to completion in a single stage between 900 and 950 K... 

Ethanoiamine is used to absorb carbon dioxide. A tank that contained the absorption product combusted spontaneously in air, probably because of an unknown impurity and because an amine evaporation had stripped a heating coil of this compound. The fire went out later due to the carbon dioxide release caused by the compound s temperature rise. 

Keith C.G., RepaskyK.S., et al. Monitoring effects of a controlled subsurface carbon dioxide release on vegetation using a hyperspectral image. 2009 International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 3 626-632. 

As mentioned earlier (see p. 122) the previously postulated dioxetane intermediate in firefly bioluminescence has been challenged as no 180 is in-corporated in the carbon dioxide released during oxidation of firefly luciferin with 18C>2. In view of the crucial significance of the 180. experiments De Luca and Dempsey 202> rigorously examined the reliability of their tracer method. They conclude from their experiments that all available evidence is in favour of a linear, not a cyclic peroxide intermediate — in contrast to Cypridina bioluminescence where at least part of the reaction proceeds via a cyclic peroxide (dioxetane) as concluded from the incorporation of 180 into the carbon dioxide evolved 202,203). However, the dioxetane intermediate is not absolutely excluded as there is the possibility of a non-chemiluminescent hydrolytic cleavage of the four-membered ring 204>. 

Methods utilizing the determination of enzymically released methanol, either after distillation,59,64 or directly in the reaction mixture,109 just like the method of manometric determination of the carbon dioxide released from hydrogen carbonate buffer,55 have not found... 

Cholinesterase 3.1.1.8 Acetylcholine Acetic acid Carbon dioxide release from bicarbonate buffer... 

Histidine decarboxylase 4.1.1.22 L-Histidine Carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide release... 

Air was drawn through a 2 N KOH solution to remove any carbon dioxide present in the air which was then remoisturtzed. The carbon dioxide released from the sample was trapped by a 0.5 N KOH solution as potassium carbonate, which was precipitated as barium carbonate by the addition of barium chloride. The unreacted KOH in... 

Arrhenius recognized that carbon dioxide released from anthropogenic sources, primarily the burning of coal, would contribute to... 

The greater the amount of carbon dioxide in soil, the more hydronium ions and so the lower the pH. Soil that has a low pH is referred to as sour. (Recall from Chapter 10 that many acidic foods, such as lemon, are characteristically sour.) Two main sources of soil carbon dioxide are humus and plant roots. The humus releases carbon dioxide as it decays, and plant roots release carbon dioxide as a product of cellular respiration. A healthy soil may have enough carbon dioxide released from these processes to give a pH range from about 4 to 7- If the soil becomes too acidic, a weak base, such as calcium carbonate (known as lime or limestone), can be added. 

Two moles of isocyanate are used per one mole of water. The carbon dioxide released will form bubbles throughout the cast product, forming a spongy instead of solid material, thus detracting from the properties of the polyurethane. The physical properties will be lowered both from the chemical balance being incorrect and from the presence of the bubbles, which prevents the full strength from being developed. 

Working with a mutated bacterial strain, Isbister et al. (62) demonstrated a novel mechanism of aerobic oxidation of dibenzothiophene which involved the specific excision of the sulfur atom from the molecule (Figure 11). Studies with -labeled dibenzothiophene showed the release of the radioactivity into the aqueous phase and ion chromatography showed the appearence of sulfate. There was no radioactive carbon dioxide released when this microorganism was incubated with 14C-labeled dibenzothiophene. GC-MS analysis showed that the oxidation product was 2,2 -dihydroxybiphenyl. Kargi and Robinson (52) also report the release of sulfate from dibenzothiophene. This OSC served as the sole carbon and sulfur source in their cultures of the aerobic thermophile Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. 

Hadley, N. F. and Quinlan, M. C. (1993). Discontinuous carbon dioxide release in the eastern lubber grasshopper Romalea guttata and its effect on respiratory transpiration. J. Experim. Biol., 177, 169-180. 

Lehmann, F.-O., Dickinson, M. H. and Staunton, J. (2000). The scaling of carbon dioxide release and respiratory water loss in flying fruit flies (Drosophila spp.)../. Experim. Biol., 203,1613-1624. 

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