Plant physiology respiration

Appleby, C.A. (1984). Leghemoglobin and Rhizobium respiration. Annual Review of Plant Physiology 35, 443-78. 

Thomas M.D. and Hill G.R., Relation of sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere to photosynthesis and respiration of alfalfa. Plant Physiology , 12, 309-383 (1937). 

Semikhatova O. A. (2000) Ecological physiology of plant dark respiration its past, present and future. Bot. Zh. 85, 15-32. 

Plants also undergo the same metabolic respiration processes, whereby the plant energy sources such as sugars undergo respiration to yield carbon dioxide and water. This is accompanied by transpiration, the elimination of water vapor to the atmosphere via the leaves, as derived from soil water and its nutrients, and also from respiration. (And which influences climate, notably via the tropical rain forests.) More details about plant biochemistry are furnished in the standard references and textbooks, e.g., in Plant Physiology by Frank B. Salisbury and Cleon W. Ross (1985). 

Terry, N. and Ulrich, A. (1973) Effects of phosphorus deficiency on the photosynthesis and respiration of leaves in sugar beet. Plant Physiology 51, 43-47. 

Mitochondria from maize leaves do in fact respond to a series of strobilurins, but are in this case less sensitive than mitochondria from non-plant species (yeast, Botrytis, rat, house fly) [59]. Note that, generally, inhibition of mitochondrial respiration in plants ( dark respiration ) does not lead to severe undesired influences on plant physiology. 

Stiles, W. Respiration in seed germination and seedling development. In Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology. Ruh-... 

Potassium is required for enzyme activity in a few special cases, the most widely studied example of which is the enzyme pymvate kinase. In plants it is required for protein and starch synthesis. Potassium is also involved in water and nutrient transport within and into the plant, and has a role in photosynthesis. Although sodium and potassium are similar in their inorganic chemical behavior, these ions are different in their physiological activities. In fact, their functions are often mutually antagonistic. For example, increases both the respiration rate in muscle tissue and the rate of protein synthesis, whereas inhibits both processes (42). 

The physiology and biochemistry of plant respiration. Edited by J.M. Palmer... 

In allelopathy studies, the allelochemicals first influence the physiological and biochemical processes in cells. Till now there is no book of methods to study allelopathic interactions in the cells. The activity of cells influence various important physiological processes like seed germination, plant growth and development, photosynthesis and respiration, senescence and abscission are included in this volume. To understand the basic mechanisms of various physiological processes, being affected by allelochemicals at the cellular level enzyme activity and metabolite studies are essential. 

Physiologic Effects The physiologic effects of ozone depend on its entry into the internal leaf spaces through the stomata. If the plant is resistant to ozone even when stomata remain open, mechanisms of resistance other than stomatal closure must be operative. The physiologic effects measureable with the intact tissue include effects on respiration and photosynthesis. 

The toxic effects of ozone in plant systems have been studied for some time, yet the actual mechanisms of injury are not fully understood. In addition to visible necrosis which appears largely on upper leaf surfaces, many other physiological and biochemical effects have been recorded ( ). One of the first easily measurable effects is a stimulation of respiration. Frequently, however, respiration may not increase without concomitant visible injury. Furthermore, photosynthesis in green leaves as measured by CO2 assimilation, may decrease. It is well known that ozone exposure is accompanied by a dramatic increase in free pool amino acids ( ). Ordin and his co-workers ( ) have clearly shown the effect of ozone on cell wall biosynthesis. In addition, ozone is known to oxidize certain lipid components of the cell ( ), to affect ribosomal RNA (16) and to alter the fine structure of chloroplasts (7 ). 

Phenolic compounds naturally occurring in plants have induced many physiological responses that duplicate those reported for ozone and/or peroxyacetylnitrate (PAN). Chlorogenic acid is a competitive inhibitor of lAA-oxidase (35) and plant growth is adversely affected by increased concentrations of auxins (36). Concentrations of chlorogenic acid are increased in tobacco tissue exposed to ozone ( ) Phenols inhibit ATP synthesis (37), oxidative phosphorylation ( ) and SH enzyme activity (27) they increase respiration (38), reduce CO2 fixation (22), modify both membrane permeability (40) and oxidation rate of reduced NADH... 

Ozone has been shown to initiate many physiological and biochemical changes in sensitive plant species. Decreases in photosynthesis and increases and decreases in respiration have occurred in response to ozonation. The bioenergetic status of mitochondria and chloroplasts is disturbed by ozone. Decreases in oxidative- and photo- phosphorylation have been reported as have increases in adenosine triphosphate and total adenylate content of plant tissue. The variable physiological responses appear to be related to the stage of symptom development at the time of analysis and to the mode of ozone exposure, viz. in vivo and in vitro. 

Suganuma, N.M., Kitou, M. Yamamoto, Y. (1987). Carbon metabolism in relation to cellular organization of soybean root nodules and respiration of mitochrondria aided by leghemoglobin. Plant Cell Physiology 28, 113-22. 

Almost all physiological processes in plants take place in the presence of water. Essential anabolic reactions (photosynthesis, assimilation, and protein synthesis), and catabolic ones (respiration and hydrolysis) occur in an aqueous cellular environment. Essential elements absorbed by plant roots, and the foods and other metabolites manufactured by the leaves and other tissues, move in aqueous solution from the regions of absorption or manufacture to other parts of the plant where additional anabolic reactions and ultimate food storage take place. Water is the major constituent of protoplasm, and is particularly abundant in young and growing tissues. 

Copper is an essential element. Copper plays a significant role in several physiological processes - photosynthesis, respiration, carbohydrate distribution, nitrogen reduction and fixation, protein metabolism, and cell wall metabolism. Many plant metalloenzymes contain copper. It also influences water permeability of xylem vessels and thus controls water relationships. It is mainly complexed with organic compounds of low molecular weight and with proteins (Henze and Umland, 1987). Kabata-Pendias and Pendias (1984) have compiled data on the Cu concentrations in... 

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