Resolution structure

Interpretable high-resolution structural infomiation (e.g. preservation of dimensions, or correlation of the stmctiiral detail with a physiologically or biochemically controlled state) is therefore obtained exclusively from samples in which life has been stopped very quickly and with a sufficiently high time resolution for the cellular dynamics [19]. Modem concepts for specimen preparation therefore try to avoid traditional, chemical... 

B3) These variations are related to the refinement procedures much more than to the experimental data [23] and are generally larger than in high resolution structures of small molecules. In MD calculations with harmonic bond lengths and bond angles they are still higher. 

KS Wilson, Z Dauter, VS Lamsm, M Walsh, S Wodak, J Richelle, J Pontius, A Vagume, RWW Hooft, C Sander, G Vriend, JM Thornton, RA Laskowski, MW MacArthur, EJ Dodson, G Murshudov, TJ Oldfield, R Kaptem, JAC Rullman. Who checks the checkers Four validation tools applied to eight atomic resolution structures. J Mol Biol 276 417-436, 1998. 

Figure 2.1 Kendrew s model of the low-resolution structure of myoglobin shown in three different views. The sausage-shaped regions represent a helices, which are arranged in a seemingly Irregular manner to form a compact globular molecule. (Courtesy of J.C. Kendrew.)...

Figure 12.3 Two-dimensional crystals of the protein bacteriorhodopsin were used to pioneer three-dimensional high-resolution structure determination from electron micrographs. An electron density map to 7 A resolution (a) was obtained and interpreted in terms of seven transmembrane helices (b).

Figure 12.14 The three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction center of a purple bacterium was the first high-resolution structure to be obtained from a membrane-bound protein. The molecule contains four subunits L, M, H, and a cytochrome. Subunits L and M bind the photosynthetic pigments, and the cytochrome binds four heme groups. The L (yellow) and the M (red) subunits each have five transmembrane a helices A-E. The H subunit (green) has one such transmembrane helix, AH, and the cytochrome (blue) has none. Approximate membrane boundaries are shown. The photosynthetic pigments and the heme groups appear in black. (Adapted from L. Stryer, Biochemistry, 3rd ed. New York ...

Cowan, S.W. Bacterial porins lessons from three high-resolution structures. Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 

Liu, Z.-J., et al. (2003). Atomic resolution structure of obelin soaking with calcium enhances electron density of the second oxygen atom substituted at the C2-position of coelenterazine. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 311 433-439. 

By the application of modem spectroscopic techniques and through the recent availability of high-resolution structural information, several issues could be resolved, in particular the nature of the ligands of the Rieske cluster. Now that stmctures are available, the research will focus on new questions in order to provide a better understanding of the electronic properties of Rieske and Rieske-type clusters as well as of their function ... 

These were relatively low-resolution structures, and with refinement some errors in the initial structural assignments have been detected (4-7). Since the structures were first reported the subject has been extensively reviewed in this series (8) and elsewhere 9-15). This review will focus on the structure, biosynthesis, and function of the met-allosulfur clusters found in nitrogenases. This will require a broader overview of some functional aspects, particularly the involvement of MgATP in the enzymic reaction, and also some reference will be made to the extensive literature (9, 15) on biomimetic chemistry that has helped to illuminate possible modes of nitrogenase function, although a detailed review of this chemistry will not be attempted here. This review cannot be fully comprehensive in the space available, but concentrates on recent advances and attempts to describe the current level of our understanding. 

Higushi and co-workers have published the 1.8-A resolution structure of the hydrogenase from D. desulfuricans Miyazaki F 33). For the most part the structure is very similar to that of D. gigas hydrogenase. However, Higushi et al. have provided a radically different interpretation of the active-site structure. Instead of one CO and two... 

Lewis DF, Lake BG, Bird MG. Molecular modelling of human microsomal epoxide hydrolase (EH) by homology with a fungal (Aspergillus niger) EH crystal structure of 1.8 A resolution structure-activity relationships in epoxides inhibiting EH activity. Toxicol In Vitro 2005 19 517-22. 

Le Trong I, Stenkamp RE, Ibarra C, Atkins WM, Adman ET. 1.3-A resolution structure of human glutathione N-transferase with N-hexyl glutathione bound reveals possible extended ligandin binding site. Proteins 2002 48 618-27. 

Further advance toward a high-resolution structure of Ca -ATPase requires three-dimensional crystals of sufficient size and quality for X-ray diffraction analysis [179]. A prerequisite for the formation of three-dimensional crystals is the solubilization of the enzyme from its membrane environment by detergents [180,181]. Since the detergent-solubilized Ca -ATPase is notoriously unstable, the first task was to find conditions that preserve the ATPase activity of solubilized enzyme for several months. 

Khan H, T Barna, RJ Harris, NC Bruce, I Barsukov, AW Munro, PCE Moody, NS Scrutton (2004) Atomic resolution structures and solution behavior of enzyme-substrate complexes of Enterobacter cloacae PB2 pentaerythritol tetranitrate reductase. J Biol Chem 279 30563-30572. 

R9. Rowland, P., Basak, A. K., Gover, S., Levy, H. R., and Adams, M. J., The 3-dimensional structure of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides refined at 2.0-angstrom resolution. Structure 2, 1073-1087 (1994). 

When low-temperature studies are performed, the maximum resolution is imposed by data collection geometry and fall-off of the scattered intensities below the noise level, rather than by negligible high-resolution structure factor amplitudes. Use of Ag Ka radiation would for example allow measurement of diffracted intensities up to 0.35 A for amino-acid crystals below 30 K [40]. Similarly, model calculations show that noise-free structure factors computed from atomic core electrons would be still non-zero up to O.lA. 

Ballesteros, J. A., Shi, L., and Javitch, J. A., Structural mimicry in G-protein-coupled receptors implications of the high-resolution structure of rhodopsin for structure-function analysis of rhodopsin-like receptors, Mol. Pharmacol., 60(1), 1-19, 2001. 

Brunger AT (1988) Crystallographic refinement by simulated annealing. Application to a 2.8 A resolution structure of aspartate aminotransferase. J Mol Biol 203(3) 803-816... 

Zhang H, Seabra MC, Deisenhofer J (2000) Crystal structure of Rab geranylgeranyltransferase at 2.0 angsttom resolution. Structure Fold Des 8(3) 241-251... 

Coordinates of the SGPA active site residue and of the two water molecules W184 and W210 are from a further refinement of the published (1.8 A resolution) structure (Ref. 118b) with a resolution extending beyond 1.7 A for the native enzyme James, M. N. G, Sielecki, A. R. Private communications (1983, 1984)... 

---