Resinous varnish compound

Composites. The history of phenoHc resin composites goes back to the early development of phenoHc materials, when wood flour, minerals, and colorants were combined with phenoHc resins to produce mol ding compounds. In later appHcations, resin varnishes were developed for kraft paper and textile fabrics to make decorative and industrial laminates. Although phenoHcs have been well characterized in glass-reinforced composites, new developments continue in this area, such as new systems for Hquid-injection molding (LIM) and sheet-molding compounds (SMC). More compHcated composite systems are based on aramid and graphite fibers. 

The two chlorinated propene compounds shown are colorless liquids with pungent, irritating odors. Allyl chloride is an intermediate in the manufacture of allyl alcohol and other allyl compounds, including pharmaceuticals, insecticides, and thermosetting varnish and plastic resins. Dichloropropene compounds have been used as soil fumigants, as well as solvents for oil, fat, dry cleaning, and metal degreasing. 

Aldehyde resin varnishes, aromatic compounds (M-LL03) aldehyde resins (binders), inorganic/organic pigments, fillers, 30-55 % solvents mineral varnish (mixture of hydrocarbons), other solvents (< 10 % esters, ethers, alcohols) covering varnishes, primers... 

Hydrocarbon resins are used extensively as modifiers in adhesives, sealants, printing inks, paints and varnishes, plastics, road marking, flooring, and oil field appHcations. In most cases, they ate compounded with elastomers, plastics, waxes, or oils. Selection of a resin for a particular appHcation is dependent on composition, molecular weight, color, and oxidative and thermal stabiHty, as weU as cost. A listing of all hydrocarbon resin suppHers and the types of resins that they produce is impractical. A representative listing of commercially available hydrocarbon resins and their suppHers is included in Table 6. 

Shellac [124,125] is a natural resin used in very old times for varnishes and moulding compounds. The resin secreted by the lac insect, Kerriar paca, is collected by scraping the shellac-encrusted trees found in southern parts of Asia. It consists of a complex mixture of cross-linked polyesters derived from hydroxy acids, principally aleuritic acid (9,10,16-trihydroxyhexadecanoic acid). From a structural point of view, it appears that this material can be used as a crosslinking agent and/or as a monomer for developing dentrite-like polymers. The question is whether it is possible to produce this material from shellac by controlled hydrolysis. 

Pine resin, namely rosin or colophony, is one of the most widespread diterpenoid resins and has been used for waterproofing, for treating wood and paper, as varnish, as incense and as an ingredient in scented ointments. The main compounds present in fresh Pinaceae resins... 

Of the Cupressaceae family, sandarac (from Tetraclinis articulata) has frequently been used as a paint varnish. It contains labdane compounds that account for the polymeric fraction of the resin (about 70%) [31]. The main monomeric diterpenoid present is sandaracopimaric acid, together with smaller amounts of 12-acetoxysandaracopimaric acid. Phenols, including totarol, are also present [31]. 

Copals, sometimes referred to as immature amber, originate from Africa, Asia or central American countries and derive from the Araucariaceae and Leguminosae families. Polymerised communic acid and agathic acid are found as the main compounds in these fossil resins. The extreme hardness of copal results from polymers of resin acids such as ozoic acid, an enantiomer of communic acid that can polymerize and thus enable fossilization [86]. They are still commonly used today for varnishing and protecting wood. 

Natural and synthetic resins are organic compounds easily found in art objects either as varnishes and protective coatings or binding media, adhesives, consolidants and finishing layers. They are mainly used in manufacturing paintings, but also in pottery, furniture and wooden objects, sculptures, musical instruments and works on paper. In addition, natural and synthetic resins have widespread use as conservation materials. 

Numerous studies carried out in the last decade on fresh, artificially and naturally aged resins and varnishes have demonstrated that by means of THM-GC/MS a number of di- and triterperpenoids can by identified and, among them, the marker compounds that can be unequivocally used for resin recognition in real pictorial samples. 

The glyptals made from phthalic anhydride and glycerol were developed as compositions for use in paints and varnishes. If the reaction was carried out too long the product became intractible. But under milder conditions, other products could be obtained which could be used in making soluble products and then they could be set further after forming. It was learned that by modifying the reaction mixture with some monobasic acid to balance the hydroxyls and carboxyls in the reaction mixture, more soluble products could be obtained. Kienle of General Electric, was one of the early developers of these products. Later many other alkyd resins from other polyhydroxyl compounds and poly acids were produced for technical use. 

A new wooden fume cupboard was varnished with glyptal (glyceryl phthalate) resin. After a few weeks use with nitrous fumes , the resin spontaneously and violently ignited. This was attributed to formation and decomposition of glyceryl trinitrate or similar compounds. 

Uses Preparation of epichlorohydrin, glycerol, allyl compounds, pharmaceuticals thermosetting resins for adhesives, plastics, varnishes glycerol and insecticides. 

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