Resin industry performance modifiers

The highly unsaturated DCPD resins are generally modified to improve their performance in adhesives and printing ink industry. Three modifications are generally produced. 

Tests were performed with both simulated broth containing succinic acid at various concentrations and actual broth provided by MBI. Seven resins were tested for regenerability and stability with acid XUS 40285, Dowex 1x2, XUS 40283, XUS 440323, XFS-40422, IRA-35, and IRA-93. Previous results had shown a decrease in capacity with repeated hot water regeneration. It is essential for economical operation that the organic acid recovery be >90% and that the sorbents be stable for at least 20 cycles (based on industrial comments). Several resins were tested for stability with a single-step dilute-acid regeneration. The resins were either low capacity after five cycles or had incomplete recovery of the succinic acid (data not shown). Therefore, we modified the procedure to extract the succinic acid first with dilute base, then hot water. 

The successful scale-up of advancement and modification of rubber-modified epoxy resins is discussed. Mechanisms are proposed for both advancement and esterification reactions as catalyzed by triphenylphosphine which are consistent with experimental results. A plausible mechanism for the destruction of the catalyst is also presented. The morphology of these materials is determined to be core-shell structures, dependent upon composition and reaction and processing conditions. Model studies have been performed to determine the effects of thermal history on the kinetics of reaction. These efforts have resulted in the successful scale-up and use of rubber-modified epoxy resins as functional coatings in the electronics industry. 

As we said above, various types of modifiers, chemicals, and additives are compounded with the base resin or polymer material before processing. The compounding is usually done by the materials manufacturer however, this is also performed by a group within the polymer industry. Such companies buy the base resin from the materials manufacturer and then compound it specially for resale to the processor. The processor may also buy the base polymer, modifiers, chemicals, and additives for in-house compounding. 

The loose term renewable resources adhesives has been used to identify polymerie eom-pounds of natural, vegetable origin that have been modified and/or adapted to the same use as some classes of purely synthetic adhesives [1]. At present two classes of these adhesives exist one already extensively commercialized in the southern hemisphere and the other on the slow way to commercialization. These two types of resins are tannin-based adhesives [2] and lignin adhesives [3 ]. Both types are aimed primarily at substituting synthetic phenolic resins. In some aspects, such as performance, they closely mimic, or are even superior to, synthetic phenolic adhesives, while in others they behave in a vastly different manner from their synthetic counterparts. In this chapter we focus primarily on tannin-based adhesives because they have already been in extensive industrial use in the southern hemisphere, in certain fields of application, for the past 20 years. These adhesives are of some interest not only for their excellent performance in some applications but also for their mostly environmentally friendly composition. Lignin adhesives are treated briefly here and in detail in Chap. 28. 

As a result of the kinetic analyses with both methods, the dependence of the activation energy on the conversion (apparent activation energy Ea) was calculated for all resins (PF, KLPF and modified KLPF). The experimental verification of the model suitability was done by comparing the calculated curves of conversion versus the predicted reaction times ta at 160°C with the curve of conversion versus time as directly measured by isothermal DSC data at 160°C. The reaction temperature of 160°C was used because it is well within the range of industrially relevant temperatures at which hot pressing is performed. 

A short oil polyester resin based on Mesua ferrea L. seed oil was modified by partially butylated melamine-formaldehyde resin (70 30 weight ratio) using an industrial ball mill system to enhance its performance characteristics as a binder for stoving paint. ° The results indicate the suitability of the system, which is comparable to the industrial castor oil based resin system. Phthalic and maleic anhydride-based polyester of the same oil has also been modified by bisphenol-A-based epoxy or melamine-formaldehyde resin at different ratios. The resultant blends showed better performance in respect of the drying time, hardness, flexibility, gloss, pressure test, thermal stability and chemical resistance than the unmodifled polyester. ... 

N. Dutta, N. Karak and S. K. Dolui, High performance at low cost blending seed oil modified polyesters with ME resins for high quahty Industrial coatings, Eur Coat 1,2006,3,42-7. 

CNSL is obtained as a by-product of the cashew nut industry, mainly containing anacardic acid 80.9%, cardol 10-15%, cardanol, and 2-methyl cardol (Fig. 10). CNSL occurs as a brown viscous fluid in the shell of cashewnut, a plantation product obtained from the cashew tree, Anacardium oxidentale (Bhunia, et al., 2000). CNSL is used in the manufacture of industrially important materials such as cement, primers, specialty coatings, p)aints, varnishes, adhesives, foundry core oils, automotive brake lining industry, laminating and rubber compounding resins, epoxy resins, and in the manufacture of anionic and non-ionic surface active agents. CNSL modified phenolic resins are suitable for many applications and perform improved corrosion and insulation resistance. 

In the automotive industry, there is no known application of unmodified PBT. However, PBT and modified resins offer chemical resistance, outstanding dielectric strength, electrical properties, low-temperature performance down to 0°C, strength and modulus at elevated temperatures, good processability (long flow in thin sections), and, last but not least, flame resistance. 

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