Regenerated waters

Reuse of Regenerated Waters Under Water Scarcity... 

Keywords Disinfection, Industry, Membrane technology, Regenerated water, Water reuse... 

Industrial Reuse of Regenerated Waters. A Case Study. 116... 

Activated sludge/NF/ The reuse objectives were reached with the RO obtained regenerated water... 

The viability of producing regenerated water for industrial reuse purposes by means of tertiary treatment of WWTP effluents is illustrated in this section, through examples in N Spain. The demonstration has been performed in Spain. The industrial activities in the selected region showed that the potential industrial demand of regenerated wastewater accounted for 5.2 Hm yr which could be obtained from WWTP facilities located 5 km away of the industrial consumers,... 

Table 4 summarizes the efficiency of membrane filtration as preliminary treatment in the hybrid process to obtain regenerated water for industrial reuse. Working with the adequate cleaning cycle to avoid fouling and to keep a constant flux (10 1 min ) important reduction in suspended solids (90%) and turbidity (60%) of the wastewaters is achieved but there is no significant reduction of other chemical or physical parameters, e.g., conductivity, alkalinity or TDS, or inactivation of E. coli. 

Parameter WWTP effluent average value ME effluent UV effluent Regenerated water average value Average reduction (%)... 

Table 4 summarizes the efficiency of this hybrid MFAJV/NF process. Reduction of conductivity, turbidity, suspended solids and TDS was close to 100%. Conductivity values were reduced down to average values of 200 pS cm while turbidity and TDS reached 1.2 NTU and 102 mg 1 respectively. Thus, regenerated water could meet the standards for cooling and boiler feedwater [11]. 

The capability of advanced technologies in the production of regenerated water for industrial reuse has been illustrated in this chapter. The reuse of regenerated water in industrial activities has been demonstrated as an effective tool for sustainable industrial development under water scarcity conditions as it can provide a big deal of the large amounts of water needed in those activities and moreover it can customize the regenerated water characteristics to the water standards required in different industrial activities by means of adequate combination of available advanced technologies. 

The opportunities offered by the state of the art in the development and apphca-tion of advanced technologies for water reclamation have been presented and illustrated by means of a general example representative of the abihty of using WWTP effluents as regenerated water source by means of combination of advanced technologies. 

Operations 2 and 3 are fed by freshwater or regenerated water. The mass loads below the reuse pinch are ... 

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