Research tool cell lines

American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). ATCC is an independent, private, non-profit biological resource centre (BRC) and research organization established in 1925. ATCC s collections include a wide range of biological materials for research, including cell lines, molecular genomics tools, microorganisms and bioproducts. 

Researchers focused on the metabolically competent human hepatoma cell line HepG2 as a model of human liver. HepG2 cells are a well-known hepatoma cell line that retains many of the morphological characteristics of liver parenchymal cells. This model is often used as a useful tool for HRA/ERA-oriented chemical risk assessment due to the expression of antioxidant and xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes (in particular phase I and phase II enzymes responsible for the bioactivation/detoxification of various xenobiotics) that can be induced or inhibited by dietary and non-dietary agents [28-30]. 

A clear priority remains to expand the panel of intestinal efflux transporters that are expressed individually in modified cell lines. These research tools will be instrumental in identifying and validating selective probe transporter substrates and inhibitors. The availability of such probes will allow for a better understanding of the influence of transporters on in vivo pharmacokinetics. A similar set of probes has been instrumental in increasing our understanding of the role that cytochrome P450 plays in human pharmacokinetics and in avoiding issues associated with these enzymes. 

Mtiller-Hartmann H et al. 2007. High-throughput transfection and engineering of primary cells and cultured cell lines—an invaluable tool for research as well as drug development. Expert Opin. Drug Discov. 2, 1453-1465. 

Cancer cell lines are a useful tool in the anticancer research that facilitates knowledge of new cytotoxic compounds, the potency of a drug or the structure-activity relationship such knowledge helps to develop new anticancer compounds. In this way, lots of pharmacological studies carried out with natural and synthetic flavonoids show that these compounds can inhibit the growth of diverse human cancer cell lines but this information has not been compiled and there is very little imderstanding about a possible structure -activity relationship. Some authors have found some structural requirements (that sometimes... 

A number of studies have investigated the use of FTIR or Raman microspectroscopy as diagnostic tools to differentiate and classify cell lines, in vitro, based on their pathological state or resistance to drugs.Interestingly, we find that some researchers have grown their different cell lines in the same culture media, whereas others have used different media for each cell type. ° The European Collection of Cell Cultures (ECACC) provides standard protocols for the optimum growth of different cell lines. In some instances. 

What started in the beginning of the century with the observation of cells taken from different sponges to allow the study of recognition processes [48, 49] has developed into a major research tool in biology with the use of both, primary and immortalized cells from many different sources. The selection of different clones from the same parent line has further stimulated the application and direct comparison of cells with similar but not identical surface composition. Examples of such cell lines that have been used for the study of carbohydrate-carbohydrate mediated phenomena are variants of the mouse melanoma cell line B16 expressing different levels of GM3-ceramides [79] or T-cell lymphoma clones with different levels of Gg3-ceramides on the cell surface [76] (see also Table 4). 

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