Cells immortalized

Monoclonal antibodies are derived from a single, monospecific B cell clone. Monoclonal antibodies can be obtained from hybridoma cells that result from the fusion of antibody-producing B cells with immortal cells of a myeloma cell line. 

Figure 3. Growth phases of short-term cultures. Upon initiation of short-term cultures, growth rapidly increases (Phase 1). A stable growth rate is maintained for a defined number of passages (Phase 2). Finally, most cells undergo a crisis of senescence and ultimately die (Phase 3). In some cases immortal cell lines are established.

Numerous excellent reviews on the possible role of oxygen radicals in cancer and carcinogenesis have been published 10-20 years ago [147-153], Earliest studies have been much concerned with the role of SOD in tumor cells. Despite some contradictory results, it is general conclusion that tumor cells are usually characterized by lowered CuZnSOD activity and always by lowered MnSOD activity [147]. The origin of SOD declining in cancer cells is unknown. It has been suggested that MnSOD is not induced in cancer immortalized cells in response to oxidative stress, but the reason of this is uncertain [154],... 

Immortalized cell (hybridoma) producing antibodies of a single specificity... 

The first immortalized cell line to gain major impact in the development of corneal epithelial cell clones was the rabbit corneal epithelial cell line (RCE, also known as K RCE) introduced by Araki et al. in 1993 [51], Corneal epithelial cells from a New Zealand albino rabbit were transfected with an SV40-vector. After transfection, the cells grew with cobblestone-like appearance and showed stratification, desmosomes, microvilli, and some typical types of... 

Daniele N, Halse R, Grinyo E, Yeaman SJ, Shepherd PR. Conditionally immortalized cell lines as model systems for high-throughput biology in drug discovery. Biochem Soc Trans 30 800-802 (2002). 

Conditionally Immortalized Cell Lines as a Novel in Vitro Inner Blood-Retinal Barrier Model (Uptake Studies)... 

Figure 14.2 Phase contrast microscopic images of conditionally immortalized cells forming the inner blood-retinal barrier (A) and time-course of [3H] adenosine uptake by TR-iBRB cells (B). A Conditionally immortalized rat retinal capillary endothelial cell line TR-iBRB, retinal pericyte cell line TR-rPCT and Muller cell line TR-MUL. B The [ H]adenosine (14 nM) uptake was performed at 37°C in the presence (closed circle) or absence (open circle) of Na+.

R. Takahashi, M. Hirabayashi, N. Yanai, M. Obinata, and M. Ueda. Establishment of SV40-tsA58 transgenic rats as a source of conditionally immortalized cell lines. Exp. Anim. 48 255-261(1999). 

Since the human airway epithelial cells will be used as a paradigm for the transformation of different cell lines, the following descriptions will focus on primary airway epithelial cells. The generation and isolation of an immortalized cell line is relatively straightforward, but requires attention to detail. Generally, primary cultures of cells are isolated from tissue using mechanical and/or enzymatic cellular dissociation protocols [21, 88-90] (Appendix 1). 

Figure 26.2 Transformation protocol algorithm. The steps required to generate trans-formed/immortalized cells and ensure that the cells have the appropriate phenotypic characteristics for the studies intended.

Another important feature of the transformed/immortalized cells is their karyotype. While in the early stages of transformation, most of the cells will retain a near diploid karyotype. However, once the cells have gone through a crisis event or are growing well beyond the typical crisis period (— 15—30 subcultures), they are aneuploid with a characteristic distribution of individual chromosomes, that is, there are likely to be multiple copies of specific chromosomes while others are not cytogenetically detectable. 

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