Reduction test facility

Encouraging laboratory experiments since 1994 with oxygen-depolarised cathodes (ODC) in chlor-alkali as well as hydrochloric acid electrolysis motivated the development of this technique up to the industrial scale. Based on the predictions of the theory, the reduction of cell voltage could be expected up to 1 V (Fig. 4.1) for both applications. Early on, the proper choice and improvement of ODC, deriving mainly from the DeNora group, led to results with voltages as predicted in short tests as well as in endurance tests conducted over dozens of months at the Bayer endurance test facilities. 

Materials evaluation is being performed in two test facilities, one operating at the reduction reactor inlet conditions and one at the outlet conditions. Test results, such as shown in Figures 13 and 14, identify several materials as candidates for use in the sulfur trioxide reduction reactor. 

Rudiger, H. GreuI, U. Spliethoff, K. (1995) Pyrolysis gas of biomass as a NO,-reductive in a coal fired test facility. In 3" International Conference on Combustion Technologies for a Clean Environment, Lisbon (Portugal). 

Reduction in the time delay that results from the entry of a sample into a complex testing facility... 

In addition to the condenser, a test facility must have adequate diffusion-pump capacity to handle leakage and outgassingof noncondensible gases. If liquid nitrogen is the condenser coolant, atmospheric gases and hydrogen or helium are essentially noncondensible gases. If liquid helium were used in all or part of the condenser, a reduction in required diffusion-pump capacity would result, but it is questionable whether such a helium system could be competitive with the diffusion pump on a cost basis. 

A TRR ensures that the test article (hardware/software), test facility, support personnel, and test procedures are ready for testing and data acquisition, reduction, and control. 

More recent pilot plant data are available from the Coal Gasification/Gas Cleaning Test Facility at North Carolina State University (Ferrell et al., 1987). The acid gas removal system includes a gas absorption column, one or more flash tanks for intermediate pressure reduction, and a packed stripping column operated with a reboiler. Both of the columns are packed with 0.25-in. ceramic Intalox saddles. The project included the development of a system model and simulation program covering absorption, flashing, and stripping. 

Shutdown would cause a reduction in the turbine inlet temperature of the Brayton unit energy converters. This would reduce their power output, and require that power be supplied from the test facility to motor their alternators for decay heat removal (similar to the beginning of the reactor startup sequence). The Brayton units could be continuously motored to provide decay heat removal, or a separate circulator could be added to the prototype support facility to provide the function and allow the Brayton units to be secured. The prototype support facility would also need to provide a continuous source of power to the 28 Vdc bus for uninterrupted power to the reactor controllers to completely withdraw the sliders and allow for continuous reactor monitoring after the shutdown. 

Releases to Air. In April 1989, you conducted stack tests to determine air releases from the battery facility. The release data provided baseline data for a proposed 1990 air emission reduction program. The tests were performed using EPA Reference Method 12, which determines exhaust concentrations as total elemental lead, and EPA Reference Methods 1-4, which determine total exhaust volumes. Releases from all stacks and vents at the facility were measured, including those from the following release points ... 

The second of these hypotheses (more facile reduction of nickel on zeolitic particles) is contradicted by the results of our TPR experiments. In fact, the TPR results on both nickel contaminated zeolitic and non-zeolitic particles suggest that none of the nickel on these materials is reduced under normal MAT testing conditions, since the onset temperature of nickel reduction (1100-1150°F) is considerably higher than the operating temperature of the MAT (910op). 

Type of Service. The type of service—quality assurance, methods development, or routine testing—for each instrument or laboratory is a general consideration, as is the question of whether several types of service will be required of the system. A quality assurance laboratory associated with a chemicals production facility has far simpler needs in terms of analytical capability than a methods development laboratory or one that normally analyzes biological samples for pharmacologically active compounds at sub-ppm or even ppb concentrations. On the other hand, the data storage and reduction needs of a quality assurance laboratory are usually much more pressing than those of a methods development laboratory. 

If it is assumed that the radiation sterilizer equipment and facilities have been qualified and microbiological studies have been conducted as previously outlined, the next step in the validation process is the complete evaluation of the radiation sterilization cycle. Tests are conducted to determine the effect of minimum and maximum product density on the ability of the minimum or nominal radiation dose—determined during the microbiological studies to produce a given log reduction in the biological indicator population—to sterilize the load. For example, it was found that a 0.2-Mrad dose of cobalt-60 will produce a 1-log reduction in the population of B. pumilus. The microbial load of a one-package polyvinyl chloride (PVC) device (intravenous administration site) was estimated to be approximately 1000. A probability of a nonsterility level of 10 6 is desired, therefore theoretically, the minimum dose necessary to produce a 9-log reduction in the microbial population is 1.8 Mrad. 

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