Recyclability, industrial waste

C. Visvanathan (Asian Institute of Technology in Klongluang Pathumthani, Thailand), who contributed the chapter on Industrial Waste Auditing, writes, As new opportunities to reuse and recycle industrial waste are explored, complete prohling of waste is essential. The lirst step to exploring such an opportunity is to undertake comprehensive waste auditing. This chapter discusses industrial waste audit techniques in an easy, simple, step-by-step approach that can even be understood by those who are new to the subject."... 

A good example of a well-functioning life cycle for recycled industrial waste-material is that of bottle crates molded in PR The recycling of bottle crates is presented schematically in Figure 10-5. 

Industrial pollution affects not only the local regions in which industries are found. Pollutants spread rapidly in very wide patterns, either in the atmosphere or in underground water systems. Increasingly, methods are being found to recycle industrial waste products that can be useful and even sold commercially. This is sometimes done by means of additional chemical treatment. Plastic and paper recycling have become part of daily consumer habits aU over the globe. 

A possible source of soil contamination results from recycling industrial wastes for fertilizer. According to data compiled by the Environmental Working Group (EWG) during the 1990s, approximately 25 million kg per year of potentially toxic wastes were used to prepare fertilizers that contained elevated levels of arsenic, cadmium, lead, radioactive materials, and dioxins. A potential source of heavy metal pollution in fertilizers is ash from furnaces used to recycle steel, commonly processed to provide zinc in zinc-deficient soils. 

Solid Waste and Recycling (Industrial waste management magazine)... 

Reverse osmosis is used for desalination of seawater, treatment of recycle water in chemical plants and separation of industrial wastes. More recently the technique has been applied to concentration and dehydrogenation of food products such as milk and fruit juices. See ultrafiltralion. 

Industrial oils Industrial power Industrial recycling Industrial solid wastes Industrial solvents Inert blanketing gas... 

The minerals processing industry has made contributions to all areas of technology, both in terms of products and processing. Technologies developed in the mineral industry are used extensively in the chemicals industry as well as in municipal and industrial waste treatment and recycling industry, eg, scrap recycling, processing of domestic refuse, automobiles, electronic scrap, battery scrap, and decontamination of soils. 

Reduction and recycling of waste are inevitably site- and plant-specific, but a number of generic approaches and techniques have been used successfully across the United States to reduce many kinds of industrial wastewaters. 

Industrial Wastes. Closely related to seawater concentration is the simultaneous concentration of industrial effluents and recycle of recovered water (see Wastes, industrial). These appHcations are expected to increase as environmental restrictions increase. Examples are the concentration of blowdown from cooling towers in power plants concentration of reverse osmosis blowdown and the processing of metal treatment wastes (11) (see... 

ICI Polyurethanes and du Vergier are evaluating a PU recycling method. The three-year project aims to use a pilot plant to demonstrate the practicality of the split-phase glycolysis process that ICI has developed. Work will initially focus on flexible foams based on MDI and specially made at Id s Rozenberg plant. In the second phase, the unit will use post-industrial waste. Assuming the trials are successful, a full-scale unit to handle at least 5000 t/y of scrap foam will be built. 

The ISO 14000 series of environmental standards and their implications for the plastics industry are discussed. Aspects of ecolabelling and life cycle analysis and different options for recycling and waste disposal are examined. 

Industrial Engineering Chemistry Research 34, No.12, Dec.1995, p.4514-9 CHEMICAL RECYCLING OF WASTE PS INTO STYRENE OVER SOLID ACIDS AND BASES... 

The German recycling industry is examined, amidst fears that more plastic waste is being collected than the country has the capacity to recycle. The case of Beyer Industrieprodukte is mentioned which earned eritical... 

This work was supported by the 21C Frontier R D Program, Industrial Waste Recycling R D Center (Project 2A-B-1-1). 

Improved Materials Processing and Recycling Techniques that Reduce Energy Consumption and GHG Production (e.g., reduction of Portland cement use by substitution of industrial waste products such as fly ash, which has several side-benefits). 

The beneficial reuse of foundry solid waste has long been carried out informally, particularly in the U.S. Foundry solid waste has always been used as fills around the foundry or nearby neighborhood. With the promulgation of strict environmental protection laws, foundry solid waste is now required to be landfilled. Later, spent foundry sand was selected as a daily cover for landfills that are cover short. However, many recyclers believe that foundry solid waste should not necessarily be disposed of in landfills where other hazardous industrial waste belongs, simply because the main fraction of foundry solid waste is nonhazardous and has value in fully or partially substituting for currently in-use materials, for example, construction aggregates, soils, and minerals. Thus, reuse of foundry solid waste is marketable. 

Copper discharges to the global biosphere are due primarily to human activities, especially mining, smelting, and refining copper and the treatment and recycling of municipal and industrial wastes. Some copper compounds, especially copper sulfate, also contribute to environmental copper burdens because they are widely and intensively used in confined geographic areas to control nuisance species of aquatic plants and invertebrates, diseases of terrestrial crop plants, and ectoparasites of fish and livestock. 

The second part deals with applications of solvent extraction in industry, and begins with a general chapter (Chapter 7) that involves both equipment, flowsheet development, economic factors, and environmental aspects. Chapter 8 is concerned with fundamental engineering concepts for multistage extraction. Chapter 9 describes contactor design. It is followed by the industrial extraction of organic and biochemical compounds for purification and pharmaceutical uses (Chapter 10), recovery of metals for industrial production (Chapter 11), applications in the nuclear fuel cycle (Chapter 12), and recycling or waste treatment (Chapter 14). Analytical applications are briefly summarized in Chapter 13. The last chapters, Chapters 15 and 16, describe some newer developments in which the principle of solvent extraction has or may come into use, and theoretical developments. 

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