Recovery environmental protection

Resource Recovery and Waste Reduction Third Report to Congress Report SW-161, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., 1975 R. A. Lowe, Energy Recovery from Waste Report SW-36d.ii, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., 1975. 

The two main federal agencies involved in the protection of human health and the environment are the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). EPA s principal concern is the protection of the environment, in most cases, the area outside of an industrial faciUty. There are 10 regional offices that carry out the regulatory functions of the agency (Table 1). Primary laws covered by EPA are the Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA), the Clean Water Act (CWA), Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and LiabiUty Act (CERCLA), Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), and Eederal Insecticide, Eungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). 

In the United States, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA) is the major legislation covering the disposal of solid and hazardous wastes (2). This act provides a multifaceted approach to solving the problems associated with the generation of approximately 5 billion metric tons of solid waste each year in the United States. It places particular emphasis on the regulation of hazardous wastes. This law established the Office of Solid Waste within the Environmental Protection Agency and directed the agency to publish hazardous waste characteristics and criteria. 

Standard for gauging flammability. The most common systems for designating flammability are the Department of Transportation (DOT) definitions, the National Fire Protection Association s (NFPA) system, and the Environmental Protection Agency s (EPA) Resource Conservation and Recovery Act s (RCRA) definition of ignitable wastes, all of which use flashpoint in their schemes. The NFPA diamond, which comprises the backbone of the NFPA Hazard Signal System, uses a four-quadrant diamond to display the... 

The licensing process consists of two steps construction and operating license that must be completed before fuel loading. Licensing covers radiological safety, environmental protection, and antitru,st considerations. Activities not defined as production or utilization of special nuclear material (SNM), use simple one-step. Materials Licenses, for the possession of radioactive materials. Examples are uranium mills, solution recovery plants, UO fabrication plants, interim spent fuel storage, and isotopic separation plants. 

EL = emissions level ERA = Environmental Protection Agency HSDB = Hazardous Substances Data Bank lARC = International Agency for Research on Cancer IRIS = Integrated Risk Information System NIOSH = National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health OEL = occupational exposure limit OSHA = Occupational Safety and Health Administration PEL = permissible exposure limit RAC = reference air concentration REL = recommended exposure limit RCRA = Resource Conservation and Recovery Act RfD = reference dose TLV = threshold limit value TWA = time-weighted average WHO = World Health Organization... 

Seven replicate recoveries of flucarbazone-sodium, sulfonic acid, sulfonamide and NODT from well water fortified af 50 ng L averaged 106,100,89 and 106%, respec-fively. Therefore, the LOQ is 50 ng L for each analyte. The method detection limits for flucarbazone-sodium, sulfonic acid, sulfonamide and NODT, as determined by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) recommended technique, are 5, 11, 20 and 19ngL, respectively. 

H.W. Biermann and T. Barry, Evaluation of Charcoal Tube and SUMM A Canister Recoveries for Methyl Bromide Air Sampling, Report EH 9902, Cahfomia Environmental Protection Agency, Department of Pesticide Regulation, Sacramento, CA (1999). 

The LODs for imidacloprid and metabolites, when determined by US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) guidelines, are 0.021-0.024 ngL The LOQ is defined as 0.1 ng for each metabolite. Recoveries from control water samples fortified at the 0.1 and 1 ngL levels ranged between 84 and 107% for all metabolites. No relative standard deviation between the respective recoveries for any of the analytes was greater than 10%. 

U.S. EPA, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)—Orientation Manual, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Report EPA530-R-02-016, Washington, DC, January 2003. 

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Unsaturated Soil Water and Heat Flow United States Department of Agriculture United States Department of Energy United States Environmental Protection Agency... 

In some cases the decision whether storage vessels will be equipped with a vapor recovery system has been determined by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). In 1973 it set the standards4,5 for all petroleum liquids that are stored in vessels of mcae than 65,000 gal (245 m3). It states that if the vapor pressure is greater than 11.1 psia (570 mm Hg) a vapor recovery system or its equivalent must be installed on any new tanks. If the vapor pressure is between 1.52 psia (78 mm Hg) and 11.1 psia (570 mm Hg), a floating head tank may be used or a vapor recovery system may be installed. Since the former is cheaper it will usually be selected. Below 1.52 psia (78 mm Hg) only a conservation vent or its equivalent is required. 

The theoretical yield of the method is less than 100%, as only 80 - 90% of the aqueous phase is removed after back-extraction. The actual yield obtained by 54 Mn counting was 69.5 7.8%, and this can be allowed for in the calculation of results. Environmental Protection Agency standard seawater samples of known manganese content (4370 ng/1) gave good manganese recoveries (4260 ng/1). 

Lens, P.N.L., Vallero, M., Gonzalez-Gil, G., Rebac, S., and Lettinga, G. Environmental protection in industry for sustainable development, Chapter 3 in Water recycling and resource recovery in industry Analysis, technologies and implementation, Edited by P.Lens et al., IWA publishing, 2002, ISBN 1 84339 005 1. 

Fryberger, J. S. and Shepard, D. C., 1987, Reinjection of Water at Hydrocarbon Recovery Sites International Symposium on Class V Injection Well Technology. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Underground Injection Practices Council, 19 pp. 

In 1989 the Environmental Protection Agency ordered a 90% reduction of industrial benzene emissions over the next several years at a cost of 1 billion. The new standard leaves more than 99% of the exposed population with risks of cancer less than one in 1 million, or one cancer case in the U.S. every 10 years. Hardest hit are the iron and steel industry, where benzene emissions from coke by-product recovery plants are large. Chemical industry plants have already reduced their benzene emissions 98%. EPA estimates that the 390,000 or so gasoline service stations in the U.S. will all have to be fitted with devices to eliminate the escape vapors when fuel is put into underground storage tanks. 

Under the conditions of the 1976 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), the Environmental Protection Agency focuses its efforts in dealing with hazardous wastes on 30 hazardous chemicals of special importance. Those chemicals are called waste minimization priority chemicals (WMPC). The list of WMPC, shown in the chart on page 160, changes over time, reflecting success in reducing the amount of one or another chemical in the environment, the ability to remove that chemical from the list, and the replacement of that chemical by another of environmental importance. 

Forrester Environmental Services, Inc. s heavy-metal stabilization technologies have been issued several U.S. patents and are commercially available in the United States and Japan. The vendor claims these technologies have been permitted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and have been used at resource conservation and recovery act (RCRA) and Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) sites in several states. In addition, these technologies have been implemented at U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) facilities. 

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