Recovered oil

Miscible processes are aimed at recovering oil which would normally be left behind as residual oil, by using a displacing fluid which actually mixes with the oil. Because the miscible drive fluid is usually more mobile than oil, it tends to bypass the oil giving rise to a low macroscopic sweep efficiency. The method is therefore best suited to high dip reservoirs. Typical miscible drive fluids include hydrocarbon solvents, hydrocarbon gases, carbon dioxide and nitrogen. 

Furthermore, 60—100 L (14—24 gal) oil, having sulfur content below 0.4 wt %, could be recovered per metric ton coal from pyrolysis at 427—517°C. The recovered oil was suitable as low sulfur fuel. Figure 15 is a flow sheet of the Rocky Flats pilot plant. Coal is fed from hoppers to a dilute-phase, fluid-bed preheater and transported to a pyrolysis dmm, where it is contacted by hot ceramic balls. Pyrolysis dmm effluent is passed over a trommel screen that permits char product to fall through. Product char is thereafter cooled and sent to storage. The ceramic balls are recycled and pyrolysis vapors are condensed and fractionated. 

To recover oil from the continental shelf of arctic Canada and Alaska, drilling and production platforms must be built some miles offshore, in roughly 40 m of water. This is not a great depth, and would present no new problems were it not that the sea freezes in winter to a depth of around 2 m. Wind blowing across the surface of the ice sheet causes it to move at speeds up to 1 m s pressing it against the structure. Ice is... 

Echsppe-Ol, n. recovered oil. echt, a. genuine, true, real pure, unadulterated (of colors) fast ingrain. 

Hydrogen peroxide decomposes to form water and oxygen. Both products are environmentally desirable and effective in recovering oil. Heat is generated in... 

R. N. Diyashev, F. M. Sattarova, K. G. Mazitov, V. M. Khusainov, K. I. Sulejmanov, G. S. Karimov, and I. R. Diyashev. Recovering oil not exploited from reservoir—by injecting alternating portions of ammonium carbonate and hydrochloric acid and displacing formed carbon dioxide with water. Patent RU 2065940-C, 1996. 

Petrochemical recovered oil. Organic chemical manufacturing facilities sometimes recover oil from their organic chemical industry operations. U.S. EPA excluded petrochemical recovered oil from the definition of solid waste when the facility inserts the material into the petroleum-refining process of an associated or adjacent petroleum refinery. Only petrochemical recovered oil that is hazardous because it exhibits the characteristic of ignitability or exhibits the toxicity characteristic for benzene (or both) is eligible for the exclusion. 

Simultaneously, the supply of oil on our planet is dwindling while the cost of this increasingly scarce resource must eventually go up. The price to use oil to recover oil will then become economically unjustified and additives or process chemicals that are produced from renewable resources will be the materials of choice. 

The oil recovered is first distilled. For oil A, the fraction having a boiling point lower than 210°C at atmospheric pressure (210 or C 2 fraction) represents 2.6 to 11 of the recovered oil, whereas the initial oil contains 2.5 of this fraction. The chemical changes affecting the produced oil are consistent with the evolution of its physical properties (Fig. 10). The same effect can be observed for a heavier crude. For example, for oil E, the 210 fraction represents 10 to 15 of the recovered oil even though this fraction doesn t exist in the initial crude oil. 

For crude oils C and D, some lighter hydrocarbons are formed during the cracking reactions but the composition of the 210 fraction is hardly modified. In particular, it can be noticed that the asphaltene contents of both of the recovered oils remain high. 

Whatever the oil composition, the cracking reactions enhance the amount of the 210 fraction in the recovered oil. The... 

The downtime, cleaning, and maintenance costs are a sizable factor in the economics of producing a field prone to asphaltene deposition. Considering the trend of the oil industry towards deeper reservoirs, heavier and as a result asphaltic crudes, and the increased utilization of miscible gas injection techniques for recovering oil, the role of asphaltene deposition in the economic development of asphaltene containing oil discoveries will be important and crucial. 

SAREX (2) A process for recovering oil from wash liquors. Developed by Separation Recovery Systems. 

For nearly a century, the oil shale in the western United States has been considered as a substitute source for conventional crude oil. If a technology can be developed to recover oil from oil shale economically, the quantities would be in the range of... 

Despite the considerable growth of the Canadian oil sands industry in recent years, there are still several difficulties that could impede the future development of this industry for instance, the heavy reliance on natural gas and water, which are necessary for both the extraction of bitumen from oil sands and its upgrading to synthetic oil, as well as the associated high emissions of C02. For nearly a century, the oil shale in the western United States has been considered a possible substitute source for conventional crude oil. If a technology can be developed to recover oil... 

ASTM Method D3328-90 Water Petroleum oils such as distillate fuel, lubricating oil, and crude oil recovered from water or beaches. Identification of a recovered oil is determined by comparison with known oils, selected because of their possible relationship to the recovered oil. 

It is well known that SDS and many commercial surfactants can not be used to recover oil. In our opinion these surfactants can not associate to form large enough aggregates is one important reason. In most cases, when electrolyte is added to the surfactant solution to increase the size of the aggregate, surfactant separation occurs before large enough aggregates can be built up. 

Solubilization of fish protein concentrates, recover oil or meat scraps from inedible parts Waste product conversion to feed, digestive aid... 

T0387 Hydrocarbon Technologies, Inc., Recovered Oil Pyrolysis and Extraction (ROPE)... 

Abanaki Corporation manufactures a range of belt oil skimmers that can be used to recover oil products from water. The skimmers use the differences in specific gravity and surface tension between oil and water to remove oil from contaminated groundwater, wastewaters, surface waters, or coolant. 

An analysis of technology costs for the C-G process was inclnded in a report published by the U. S. (EPA) in 1992. The cost estimate for treating petrolenm-contaminated drilling mud waste is extrapolated from test results obtained in EPA laboratory tests. The estimate assnmes treatment of 23,000 tons (21,000 metric tons) at a rate of 1.4 tons (1.3 metric tons) per honr. The EPA per ton cost estimate is 523. Of this amonnt, C-G process-specific cost was 221 and site-specific cost was 302. Of the site-specific costs, 240 was for incinerating the recovered oil. Costs presented in this analysis were reported as order-of-magnitnde estimates (i.e., —30 to 4-50%). Other assnmptions nsed in this estimate are inclnded in Case Stndy 1 (D105453). 

In 1992, researchers developed an engineering and costing design for a fixed unit that operated at a rate of 2 tons per hour. Costs were estimated to be 149 (Canadian) per metric ton of soil treated. This estimate was based on the following assumptions the unit used medium naphtha as a solvent operations were 24 hours per day, for 260 days per year utilization factor of the facility was 83% capital costs were 2,548 million (Canadian) and capital amortized over 10 years at 10%, two payments per year. The estimate stipulated that the recovered oil was of suitable quality to be sold to offset process costs. It was estimated that the largest component of process costs would be labor ( 56 per ton of waste treated). Other cost components listed were capitalization costs ( 38 per ton), utilities ( 29 per ton), insurance ( 9 per ton), trucking and maintenance (each 5 per ton), equipment rental and site excavation and restoration (each 3 per ton), and waste disposal was estimated to cost 1 per ton (D17896F, p. 8). 

The developers estimate the operating costs for a full-scale version of the PST process will typically be less than the value of the recovered oil. Estimates are that the operating costs will be about 25 per ton. Installed capital costs are estimated to be about 2 million, or 10 to 15 per wet ton feed sludge capacity (D15507H, p. 1 D13883U, p. 41). However, the actual costs of the technology may vary from this because at this point in time these estimates are based only on laboratory-scale experiments. 

Surtek also has extensive experience nsing snrfactants to recover oil. Table 1 lists the chemical costs involved in using Surtek s alkaline-snrfactant-polymer (ASP) process for oil recovery. 

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