Rechargeable lithium-ion batterie

The rechargeable lithium-ion battery is one of a number of new battery technologies which have been developed in the last ten years. TTiis battery system, operating at room temperature, offers several advantages compared to conventional aqueous battery technologies, for example,... 

Lithium metal had few uses until after World War II, when thermonuclear weapons were developed (see Section 17.11). This application has had an effect on the molar mass of lithium. Because only lithium-6 could be used in these weapons, the proportion of lithium-7 and, as a result, the molar mass of commercially available lithium has increased. A growing application of lithium is in the rechargeable lithium-ion battery. Because lithium has the most negative standard potential of all the elements, it can produce a high potential when used in a galvanic cell. Furthermore, because lithium has such a low density, lithium-ion batteries are light. 

At the end of the 1990s in Japan, large-scale production of rechargeable lithium ion batteries was initiated. These contained lithium compounds intercalated into oxide materials (positive electrodes) as well as into graphitic materials (negative electrode). The development of these batteries initiated a further increase in investigations of the properties of different intercalation compounds and of the mechanism of intercalation and deintercalation processes. 

In the rechargeable lithium-ion batteries, in which current-generating reactions are based on a "rocking chair" mechanism, the ions of lithium shift back and forth between the intercalation hosts of the cathode and anode. The... 

HTC materials have been used and structurally improved as electrodes in Li-ion batteries [30-32], Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries are the technical leading solution and essential to portable electronic devices. Owing to the rapid development of such equipment there is an increasing demand for lithium-ion batteries with higher energy density and a longer lifetime. 

Sony s Introduction of the rechargeable lithium-ion battery in the early 1990s precipitated a need for new separators that provided not only good mechanical and electrical properties but also added safety through a thermal shutdown mechanism. Although a variety of separators (e.g., cellulose, nonwoven fabric, etc.) have been used in different type of batteries, various studies on separators for lithium-ion batteries have been pursued in past few years as separators for lithium-ion batteries require different characteristics than separators used in conventional batteries. 

Yamamura, Y. Ooizumi, S. Yamamoto, K. Separator for rechargeable lithium ion batteries with high puncture strength and high melt rupture temperature. Nltto Denko Technol. Rep. (http /Mww.nitto.com/rd/rd6 l.html), 2001, 39, 39. 

Japan also has a focused lithium-ion battery R D project for FCVs in order to complement fuel cell development and to advance efficiencies of FCVs. This project focuses on the commercialization of high-efficiency and high-power rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. 

This chapter is concerned with primary and secondary batteries. Please refer to the respective chapters for a detailed discussion of fuel cells (Chapter 9), ultracapacitors (Chapter 8), and advanced carbon materials for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (Chapter 7). 

Ishi Y, Nishida T, Suda S, Kobayashi M. Anode material for high energy density rechargeable lithium-ion battery. EEtachi Chemical Technical Report 2006 47 29-32. 

Since its introduction in 1990, the secondary rechargeable lithium-ion battery (LIB) with high energy density and power capability has become an important power source for portable electronic devices, such as cellular phones, laptop computers, and portable media players. Recently, LIB research has also widened to include the hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). 

Fig. 1. Schematic illustration for a rechargeable lithium ion battery with LiCoO, cathode, graphite anode and nonaqueous electrolyte.

Because ionic liquids (ILs) consist only of ions, they offer two brilliant features very high concentration of ions [1] and high mobiUty of component ions at room temperature. Because many ILs show the ionic conductivity of over 10 S cm at room temperature [2, 3], there are plenty of possible applications as electrolyte materials, among these, for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries [4—8], fuel cells [9-12], solar cells [13-17], and capacitors [18-23],... 

LiVMoOe was successfully synthesized using the conventional solid-state reaction method, and its chemical and physical properties were examined by several analytical methods. We have shown that LiVMoOe does not possess good structural characteristics for a lithium half cell (Li/LiVMoOe) as a cathode in non-aqueous electrolyte environment. Furthermore, we suggest that LiVMoOe may instead be considered as an anode material of choice for developing rechargeable lithium-ion battery technology. 

The layered compounds AMO2 where M is a transition metal and A an alkali metal, Cu or Ag have attracted interest because of their electrical properties. LiCo02 is used in rechargeable lithium ion batteries and Na, Co02 is metallic except at x = 0.5 and for values of x of about 0.35 becomes superconducting in the presence of intercalated water. Li et and Xu and Zeng have studied Nao.5Co02. A... 

Chang, C.-C., Scarr, N., and Kumta, P.N., Synthesis and electrochemical characterization of LiMOj (M = Ni, Nio 75Coo,25) for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. Solid State Ionics, 112, 329, 1998. 

Ishikawa M, Sugimoto T, Kikuta M, et al. Pure ionic liquid electrolytes compatible with a graphitized carbon negative electrode in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. J. Power Sources. 2006. 162, 658-662. 

Li metal is used in the rechargeable lithium-ion battery, which holds a charge for a longtime. 

Rechargeable lithium ion batteries are of great importance at the present time due to their superiority in terms of volumetric and gravimetric energy density and cycle life, in comparison with their traditional counterparts including value regulated lead acid (VRLA), nickel cadmium (Ni-Cd), and nickel metal hybrid... 

Cover illustration A Li cation solvated by four tetrahedrally disposed acetonitrile molecules. The Li cation is the principal component of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution used in rechargeable lithium ion batteries found in laptop computers and cell phones. Acetonitrile is often used as one of the solvents in these batteries. 

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