Receptor virus, gangliosides

The initial step in the sequence of events leading to influenza virus infections in mammalian hosts is mediated by the multiple attachment of virus particles to host sialoside receptors in the nasopharynx [41]. These receptors consist largely of cell surface sialylated glycoproteins and gangliosides. The subsequent steps involve receptor-mediated endocytosis with ensuing release of the viral nucleo-plasmid. The first event responsible for the receptor-virus interaction is therefore an attractive target for both antiviral and related microbial intervention. 

H. Miller-Podraza, T. Larsson, J. Nilsson, S. Teneberg, M. Matrosovich, L. Johansson, Epitope dissection of receptor-active gangliosides with affinity for Helicobacter pylori and influenza virus, Acta Biochim. Polon., 1998, 45, 439-449. 

Gangliosides as Receptors for Cholera Toxin, Tetanus Toxin, and Sendai Virus... 

Sendai virus, like other myxo- and paramyxovirus, has surface glycoprotein spikes which adsorb to specific receptors on erythrocytes of most mammalian and fowl species and cause hemagglutination. The receptors on erythrocyte membranes contain neuraminic acid, as indicated by the fact that they are destroyed by neuraminidase. Haywood (3 ) demonstrated that liposomes containing gangliosides could inhibit the agglutination of erythro-... 

Cerebrosides occur mainly in brain and nervous tissues. Sulphatides are the main sulpholipids in the brain, where they account for approximately 15% of the white matter. Gangliosides are particularly abundant in the cells of the central nervous system. They are believed to be the receptors (Figure A4.1 and Appendix 5) for toxins, such as cholera and tetanus toxins, and some viruses, such as the influenza virus. 

Haywood, A. M., and Boyer, B. P. (1986), Ficoll and dextran enhance adhesion of Sendai virus to liposomes containing receptor (ganglioside GDla), Biochemistry, 25, 3925-3929. 

Glycolipids (or sphingolipids) are derived from the lipid sphingosine (see Figure 6-15). This class of compounds includes cerebrosides and gangliosides. Some bacterial toxins and viruses use them as receptors. 

Gangliosides are receptors for specific agents, such as cholera toxin and influenza virus. Cholera toxin binds to ganglioside GMl, whereas influenza virus recognizes the sialic acid portion of certain gangliosides. The influenza virus then cleaves the gangliosides as part of its entry process into cells. 

Y. Suzuki, M. Suzuki, M. Matsunaga, and M. Matsumoto, Gangliosides as paramyxovirus receptor. Structural requirement of sialo-oligosaccharides in receptors for hemagglutinating virus of Japan (Sendai virus) and Newcastle disease virus,/. Biochem. (Tokyo), 97 (1985) 1189-1199. 

Gangliosides are glycolipids that conq>rise a structurally diverse set of sialylated molecules. They are attached and enriched in nervous tissues and they have been found to act as receptors for growth factors, toxins and viruses and to facilitate the attachment of human melanoma and neuroblastoma cells (51-57). 

Keywords Ganglioside Mucins Neuraminidase Receptor binding Receptor-destroying enzyme Sialate-O-acetylesterase Virus... 

Tsai B, Gilbert JM, Stehle T, Lencer W, Benjamin TL, Rapoport TA (2003) Gangliosides are receptors for murine polyoma virus and SV40. EMBO J 22 4346-4355... 

Low JA, Magnuson B, Tsai B, Imperiale MJ (2006) Identification of gangliosides GDlb and GTlb as receptors for BK virus. J Virol 80 1361-1366... 

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