Reaction with stearic acid

Zinc oxide is a common activator in mbber formulations. It reacts during vulcanization with most accelerators to form the highly active zinc salt. A preceding reaction with stearic acid forms the hydrocarbon-soluble zinc stearate and Hberates water before the onset of cross-linking (6). In cures at atmospheric pressure, such as continuous extmsions, the prereacted zinc stearate can be used to avoid the evolution of water that would otherwise lead to undesirable porosity. In these appHcations, calcium oxide is also added as a desiccant to remove water from all sources. 

However, how the morphology of the superhydrophobic PMMA surface was formed is still a question and needs to be explored further. As discussed above, after modification with ethylenediamine-anhydrous ethanol mixture for 3 h, the PMMA plates had a water CA of 55.9 0.9°, a value between the water CA values of pristine PMMA and NH2-terminated self-assembly monolayer. Therefore, we believe that the methyl ester functional groups on the surface of PMMA plates, when processed in ethylenediamine-anhydrous ethanol mixture, did not react with ethylenediamine completely and only a part of surface ester groups participated in aminolysis reaction. So, in the following reaction with stearic acid, stearic acid would anchor and crystallize preferably in the NH2-modified micro-region, which will induce the formation of flower-tike structures. The ATR spectra also indicate the same information. The spectra (a) and (b) in Fig. 6 are the attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectra of pure PMMA and NH2-modified PMMA, respectively. The major observations from comparison of spectra (a) and (b) are the presence of the amide I... 

Write the structural formula for the product of (a) the reaction of glycerol (1,2,3-trihydroxypropane) with stearic acid, CH5(CH2)16COOH, to produce a saturated fat (b) the oxidation of 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol by sodium dichromate in an acidic organic solvent. 

Write the condensed structural formulas of the principal products of the reaction that takes place when (a) ethylene glycol, 1,2-ethanediol, is heated with stearic acid, CH,(CH2)i6COOH (b) ethanol is heated with oxalic acid, HOOCCOOH (c) 1-butanol is heated with propanoic acid. 

An amido-amine (e.g., from the reaction of tetraethylenepentamine with stearic acid) is modified with propylene oxide [792]. The product is dispersed in a polymer matrix such as an acrylic or methacrylic polymer. The inhibitor is slowly released into the surrounding environment, such as in an oil or gas well, to prevent corrosion of metal equipment in the well. 

Kino 11 studied the reaction of stearic acid with magnesium oxide, with alloys of magnesium, and many other metals, at high temperatures, and obtained stearone. The present method was developed from a recent reexamination of this reaction.12... 

Reactions with organic acids such as formic, acetic, benzoic, oxalic, and salicylic acids produce their corresponding ammonium salts concentrated ammonia solution in excess forms ammonium stearate, CH3 (CH2)i6 COONH4 with stearic acid. 

Reaction with oxalic acid, stearic acid, phthalic acid or their alkali salts yield their corresponding manganese salts (manganese soaps). 

Stearate Aluminum stearate AfiCuH O , yellowish-white powder, by reaction of aluminum hydroxide suspended in hot H20. shaken with stearic acid, and then drying the pioduct. used (1) as a thickenei for lubricating oils, (2) as a drier for paints and varnishes, (3) in waterproofing textiles, paper, leather, (4) as a gloss for paper,... 

Double base, solvent-type proplnt is prepd by blending,with cooling, in presence of acetone, a mixt of NC 60 NG 40% (contg ca 8% HzO) to which are added 5% of w insol soap (Ca oleate 85 Sc Mg stearate 15%) and 2% of product of reaction betw stearic acid, diethanolamine Sc aniline. Further treatment is the same as in A)... 

Aluminum Stearate (or Aluminum tristearate). Al(C18H3502)(Ref2), Al(Cl8H3s02)1>5 (Ref 3), A1(C18H3502)3 (Refs 1 6) mw 313.51 to 877.35 white powder mp 115°, 117—20°(separate values) d 1.065g/cc at 30° (specific gravity 1.070). Sol in alkali, petr, turpentine oil insol in ethanol, ether and w. Forms a gel with aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. Prepn is by reaction in an aq soln of A1 hydroxide, A1 or activated (with Hg chloride in methanol) A1 metal with stearic acid or Na stearate. The reaction product is filtered and dried. CA Registry No [637-12-7]... 

Soap is the sodium salt of a fatty acid (stearic acid). Fatty acids have a long hydrocarbon chain with an acidic group (COOH) at one end. Soap is made by the reaction between stearic acid and sodium hydroxide. 

The formation of a triglyceride (a fat), such as the biochemical synthesis of tristearin via the reaction of stearic acid with glycerol ... 

Mixtures of the monotriethanolamine titanate and polyols, such as fructose and sorbitol, imparted thixotropic properties to polymer-containing cement (107). A similar reaction of triethanolamine and tetraalkyl titanates previously treated with stearic acid gives the corresponding 1-acyloxytitatranes (108). Aqueous dispersions of these materials can be used to treat fabrics to impart a high degree of water repellency. 

Unilever developed a method for upgrading palm mid-fraction (PMF) as a cocoa butter equivalent. The PMF is too rich in palmitic acid and has too little stearic acid, but this deficiency can be repaired by enzyme-catalysed acidolysis with stearic acid. Reaction is confined to the exchange of palmitic acid by stearic acid at the sn-1 and 3 positions with no movement of oleic acid from the sn-2 position. A similar product is produced enzymatically by acidolysis of high-oleic sunflower oil (rich in triolein) and stearic acid. 

When the sugar alcohol sorbitol is heated with stearic acid in the presence of a catalyst, two reactions occur sorbitol cyclizes to form the hve-membered sorbitan ring and the remaining primary hydroxyl group is esterihed by the acid. The resulting sorbitan monostearate (Figure 17) is oil soluble, with a rather low HLB value, and... 

Insoluble stearates are formed with many metals ointment bases made with stearic acid may show evidence of drying out or lumpiness due to such a reaction when compounded with zinc or calcium salts. 

Derivation Reaction of aluminum salts with stearic acid. 

Derivation Reaction of stearic acid with lithium carbonate. 

Sommelet reaction, 33, 93 Sorbic acid, 5-hydroxy-/3-methyl, J-lactone, 32, 57 Stannic chloride, 33, 91 Stearic acid, 34, 15 Stearone, 33, 84 cis-Stilbene, 33, 88 fraws-Stilbene, 33, 89 Stirrer, for caustic fusion, 30, 104, 105 seal for, 30, 54 Stobbe condensation, 30, 18 Styrene, 33, 72 34, 85 reaction with sulfuric acid, 35, 83 Styrene dibromide, 30, 73 Styrene oxide, 31, 3 0-Styrenesulfonyl chloride, 34, 85 Succinic acid, 34, 44 Succinic acid, < -benzhydrylidene-, a-ETHYL ESTER, 30, 18 CLNNAMYL-, 31, 85 DIPHENYL ESTER, 34, 44 HEPTANOYL-, DIETHYL ESTER, 34, 51 PHENYL-, 30, 83 Succinic anhydride, 34, 40 SUCCINONITRILE, a, -DIPHENYL-, 32, 63 Sulfide, methyl 2-thienyl, 35, 85 Sulfonation of styrene, 34, 85 Sulfonyl chloride, from sodium sulfonate, 34, 85... 

Figure 14-7 is an example of the course of lubricated wear as followed by surface radioactivity. The progressive accumulation of reaction product on the rubbing track in the presence of a tagged compounded lubricant is shown by the first part of the curve, and the fact that this is the net resultant of simultaneous reaction and wear processes is demonstrated by the shape of the final portion of the curve, Sakurai it at. [11, 12, 13] found such behavior to be characteristic of the following sulfur compounds, singly and in combination sulfur, dibenzyl disulfide, diphenyl disulfide, dodecyl mercaptan and also these sulfur compounds in combination with stearic acid, benzyl chloride, chlorobenzene or hexachloroethane, The qualitative observations are credible enough, but because of experimental difficulties and the complications noted... 

A solution of NaNg is mixed with a small amount of litmus and sulfuric acid (2 1 diluted with H3O) is slowly added. When an excess of acid is present, the mixture is slowly distilled. By repeated fractionation one obtains 91% acid, which can be made anhydrous by distillation over CaClg. However, extraordinarily violent explosions sometimes occur with this procedure. According to Gunther and Meyer, HNg can be prepared in a relatively safe fashion by replacing the sulfuric acid with stearic acid. Pure NaNg is mixed in a round-bottom flask with stearic acid a trap cooled to —40°C is fused directly to this flask. The reaction flask Is evacuated and heated. The HNg is then purified by distillation at —50 to 80°C. 

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