Anhydrous Ethylenediamine

Synonyms/Trade Names 1,2-Diaminoethane 1,2-Ethanediamine Ethylenediamine (anhydrous) ... 

First, the ethylenediamine-anhydrous ethanol mixture (1/2, v/v) was prepared and mixed uniformly. Then, the cleaned PMMA plates were immersed in the mixture for different times, namely 1, 2, 3 or 6 h at room temperature. After reaction, the PMMA plates were dried under a stream of nitrogen. 

In contrast to modified PMMA surfaces, pure stearic acid films were also prepared by processing PMMA plates in the solution of stearic acid in anhydrous ethanol at 50°C without pretreatment with ethylenediamine-anhydrous ethanol mixture. 

As mentioned above, the aminolysis reaction is a crucial step for forming superhydrophobic surfaces, and the reaction temperature between amino groups and stearic acid is another key factor. So, the effect of the reaction temperature on the surface morphology and surface wettability of modified PMMA surface was also examined. All samples for this examination were immersed in ethylenediamine-anhydrous ethanol mixture for 3 h before they were modified with stearic acid. As shown in Fig. 4, the temperature at which PMMA plates were processed in stearic... 

However, how the morphology of the superhydrophobic PMMA surface was formed is still a question and needs to be explored further. As discussed above, after modification with ethylenediamine-anhydrous ethanol mixture for 3 h, the PMMA plates had a water CA of 55.9 0.9°, a value between the water CA values of pristine PMMA and NH2-terminated self-assembly monolayer. Therefore, we believe that the methyl ester functional groups on the surface of PMMA plates, when processed in ethylenediamine-anhydrous ethanol mixture, did not react with ethylenediamine completely and only a part of surface ester groups participated in aminolysis reaction. So, in the following reaction with stearic acid, stearic acid would anchor and crystallize preferably in the NH2-modified micro-region, which will induce the formation of flower-tike structures. The ATR spectra also indicate the same information. The spectra (a) and (b) in Fig. 6 are the attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectra of pure PMMA and NH2-modified PMMA, respectively. The major observations from comparison of spectra (a) and (b) are the presence of the amide I... 

The crude a-(2,6-dichlorophenoxy)propionamido acid ethyl ester hydrochloride is added in portions to a stirred, ice-cooled solution of 29.5 g of anhydrous ethylenediamine in 200 ml of absolute ethanol in such a way that the temperature does not exceed 0°C to 5°C. The cooling bath is then removed and the reaction mixture heated for 1 hour on a water bath to approximately 70°C. 

Similar results were achieved when benzene was reduced with alkali metals in anhydrous methylamine at temperatures of 26-100°. Best yields of cyclohexene (up to 77.4%) were obtained with lithium at 85° [396]. Ethylamine [397] and especially ethylenediamine are even better solvents [398]. Benzene was reduced to cyclohexene and a small amount of cyclohexane [397, 398] ethylbenzene treated with lithium in ethylamine at —78° gave 75% of 1-ethyl-cyclohexene whereas at 17° a mixture of 45% of 1-ethylcyclohexene and 55% of ethylcyclohexane was obtained [397], Xylenes m- and p-) yielded non-conjugated 2,5-dihydro derivatives, l,3-dimethyl-3,6-cyclohexadiene and 1,4-dimethyl-1,4-cyclohexadiene, respectively, on reduction with sodium in liquid ammonia in the presence of ethanol (in poor yields) [399]. Reduction of diphenyl with sodium or calcium in liquid ammonia at —70° afforded mainly 1-phenylcyclohexene [400] whereas with sodium in ammonia at 120-125° mainly phenylcyclohexane [393] was formed. 

A. 1 -Phenyl-3-butyh-1 -ol (1) (Note 1). A 1000-mL, oven-dried, three-necked, round-bottomed flask is equipped with a magnetic stir bar and pressure-equalizing addition funnel, fitted with a rubber septum, and placed under an argon atmosphere. The flask is charged with lithium acetylide-ethylenediamine complex (50 g, 543 mmol) (Note 2), which is dissolved in anhydrous dimethyl sulfoxide (360 mL) (Note 3) with stirring. The flask is placed in a room temperature water bath (Note 4), the addition funnel is charged with styrene oxide (42.0 mL, 368 mmol) (Note 5), and styrene oxide is added dropwise over a period of approximately 5 min. The reaction mixture is stirred for 2 hr and quenched by... 

The preparation of salts containing the [Cr(en)3]3+ cation from anhydrous chromium sulfate has been described previously in Inorganic Syntheses,1 and the merits of this, and other, methods have been reviewed.9 A more rapid route to this cation involves refluxing CrCl3 6H20 in methanol with ethylenediamine and zinc metal, which allows the substitution to proceed by way of the kineti-cally labile chromium(II) species.10 All of these preparations yield hydrated salts the procedure described below leads to anhydrous [Cr(en)3] Br3. 

The oxidation-reduction potentials of metal ions differ in different solvents due chiefly to differences in the strength of coordination of the solvents to the metal ions. Thus, Schaap and coworkers,33 who measured reduction potentials polarographically in anhydrous ethylenediamine, found the order of half-wave potentials to be Cd2+ > Pb2+ > Cu2+ - Cu+ > Ti+, whereas, in aqueous solution, the order is Cd2+ > Ti+ > Pb2+ > Cu2+ -> Cu+. Oxidation—reduction potentials have been measured in a great variety of non-aqueous solvents, both protonic and non-protonic. Among the former are liquid ammonia and concentrated sulfuric acid.34 Among the latter are acetonitrile, cyanopropane, cyanobenzene, dimethyl sulfoxide, methylene chloride, acetone, tet-rahydrofuran, dimethylformamide and pyridine.34... 

Three grams of anhydrous ethylenediamine are added with stirring to % of copper sulfate 6-hydrate in 20ml of water. To this deep blue solution, 8.5g of barium iodide 2-hydrate dissolved in 20ml of water are added slowly with stirring. The precipitated barium sulfate Is removed by filtration with the aid of about 0.5g of Celite and washed twice with 5ml of water. The washings and filtrate are combined. 

Twelve grams of copper nitrate 3-hydrate are dissolved in 75ml of 95% ethanol and the solution is cooled in ice. Seven grams of anhydrous ethylenediamine are added with stirring. The violet-blue product, which precipitates immediately, is washed with two 25-ml portions of ether. 

The procedure for ethylenediamine is used 3.7g of anhydrous propylenediamine are employed. 

If the anhydrous (98-100%) ethylenediamine is not available, it may be prepared from the aqueous 70% product as follows One hundred grams of solid sodium hydroxide and 175ml of 70% ethylenediamine are heated in a flask with an air condenser on the steam bath overnight. (As the amine attacks corks and rubber stoppers readily, these should be covered with tin foil.) The two layers that form are separated after cooling and the upper one is heated again for several hours with 30g more of the solid alkali. When distilled, the yield of amine, boiling at 115-118°C, is almost quantitative. This method is also used to dehydrate propylenediamine b.p. 118-120° C. 

Twelve grains of cobalt carbonate are added in small portions to a suspension of 19.4g of sulfamic acid (see No. 92) in 30ml of water. The filtered solution is poured into a mixture of 18g of anhydrous ethylenediamine, 45ml of water, and 9.7g of sulfamic acid. After cooling in ice to room temperature, the mixture is oxidized in air for 3 hours as described in (1). 

Ten grams of sulfamic acid (No. 02) are dissolved in 50ml of water, and nickel carbonate is added in small portions until effervescence is complete 6-7g are required. The solution is filtered from any undissolved material and cooled in Ice while 9.5g of anhydrous ethylenediamine are slowly stirred in. Alcohol is added until precipitation of the violet salt is complete. The product is filtered, washed with 95% alcohol and with ether, and dried in air. 

One hundred and sixty grams of cobalt (II) chloride 6-hydrate in 500m) of water are added to a mixture of 540ml of water with 60g of anhydrous ethylenediamine. The reddish solution is transferred to a 2-liter suction flask fitted with a stopper and a gas-inlet tube reaching almost to the bottom of the vessel. A vigorous stream of air is drawn through the liquid for 6 hours the color becomes dark ruby-red. 

Twenty grams of this material is added to a mixture of 5g of anhydrous ethylenediamine in 45ml of water. The mixture is heated on the steam bath and continuously stirred until the temperature rises to 60-70°C. The complex potassium salt begins to dissolve and a dark-brown solution is formed further heating is unnecessary when the reaction starts. The mixture is filtered hot to remove traces of unreacted starting material and is then cooled to below 0°C in an ice-salt bath to precipitate the brown cis-dinitro nitrite. Twenty milliliters of 95% alcohol are added to the slurry to increase the amount of precipitate. The solid is filtered off and washed with acetone. 

Five grams of anhydrous ethylenediamine are dissolved in 12ml of ice-cold water, and Sml of concentrated nitric acid are added. The cooled, partly neutralized, solution is mixed with 11.5g of cobalt (11) nitrate 6-hydrate,and 6g of sodium nitrite in 20ml of water. 

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