Other Inorganic Materials

The PZCs/IEPs of other inorganic materials (elements, ice, gas bubbles, and a few complex natural materials) are presented in Tables 3.2000-3.2008. 

---

Common to all encapsulation methods is the provision for the passage of reagents and products through or past the walls of the compartment. In zeolites and mesoporous materials, this is enabled by their open porous structure. It is not surprising, then, that porous silica has been used as a material for encapsulation processes, which has already been seen in LbL methods [43], Moreover, ship-in-a-bottle approaches have been well documented, whereby the encapsulation of individual molecules, molecular clusters, and small metal particles is achieved within zeolites [67]. There is a wealth of literature on the immobilization of catalysts on silica or other inorganic materials [68-72], but this is beyond the scope of this chapter. However, these methods potentially provide another method to avoid a situation where one catalyst interferes with another, or to allow the use of a catalyst in a system limited by the reaction conditions. For example, the increased stability of a catalyst may allow a reaction to run at a desired higher temperature, or allow for the use of an otherwise insoluble catalyst [73]. 

Voltron (DuPont) is a wire enamel in which nanoparticles of silicates or other inorganic materials are chemically linked to the enamel polymer backbone. Voltron provides a much better corona resistance than enamels merely filled with inorganic ingredients. One of the first ignition coils to use Voltron is for road-course and circle-track racing of modified stock cars. 

Fillers are relatively inert materials that usually add bulk but when well chosen, they can enhance physical and chemical properties. Many natural and synthetic materials are used as fillers today. These include polysaccharides (cellulosics), lignin, carbon-based materials, glass, and other inorganic materials. 

The technology is not applicable to metals or other inorganic materials. Pretreatment to reduce the quantity of inert material mixed with hazardous waste will reduce the cost of this technology. Excess water in sohd wastes to be treated is undesirable. 

Other onion-like structures reported recently include those built of tungsten sulphide and other inorganic materials [26e]. 

PNEUMOKONIOSES. Diseases of the lungs produced by inhalation of dusts, particularly those containing silica, asbestos and other inorganic material, or certain vegetable substances, notably sugar cane waste and raw cotton dust (brown lung). 

Calcium carbonate, mother-of-pearl, magnesite, dolomite and other inorganic materials which nature uses to provide an organism with solidity, have been categorized under the name bioceramic materials. Later some synthetic materials were added to this group. This means that the definition of a ceramic material, as given at the beginning of this book, must somewhat be adjusted as the heat treatment of a ceramic material obviously does not apply in the animal world. 

Pyrolysis produces three principal products - pyrolytic gas, oil, and char. Char is a fine particulate composed of carbon black, ash, and other inorganic materials, such as zinc oxide, carbonates, and silicates. Other by-products of pyrolysis may include steel (from steel-belted radial tires), rayon, cotton, or nylon fibers from tire cords, depending on the type of tire used. 

Other inorganic materials have been assembled on a wide range of selfassembling protein structures. Many of these studies have sought to mimic nature, which can create a vast range of templated inorganic structures. 

Recent work by Lichtin (Lichtin et al. 1984, 1986) have reported the possibility to photoreduce the N2 by liquid water, using a wide range of transition metal oxides and others inorganic materials which are catalytically active for the process. 

---