Raspberries, ellagitannins

Hydrolyzable tannins Ellagitannins Pomegranate juice Strawberry Blueberry Raspberry Blackberry Longan seed... 

Cerda, B., Tomas-Barberan, F. A., and Espin, J. C. (2005) Metabolism of antioxidant and chemo-preventive ellagitannins from strawberries, raspberries, walnuts, and oak-aged wine in humans Identification of biomarkers and individual variability, J. Agric. Food Chem. 53 227-235. 

Ellagic acid has been reported to be present in berries, particularly raspberries (Rubus idaeus), strawberries, and blackberries [Amakura et al., 2000]. However, free ellagic acid is normally present in low levels in berries that more commonly contain ellagitannins, such as sanguiin H-6 and lambertianin C, which release ellagic and gallic acid when treated with acid (Fig. 1.26) [Mullen et al., 2002],... 

Figure 1.26 Ellagitannins and trace amounts of gallic acid and ellagic acid occur in raspberries.

Mullen W, McGinn J, Lean MEJ, Maclean MR, Gardner P, Duthie GG, Yokota T, Crozier A. 2002. Ellagitannins, flavonoids, and other phenolic compounds in red raspberries and their contribution to antioxidant capacity and vasorelaxation properties. J Agric Food Chem 50 6902-6909. 

Gonzales-Barrio, R. Gorges, G. Mullen, W. Crozier, A. 2010. Bioavailability of anthoeyanins and ellagitannins following eonsumption of raspberries by healthy humans and subjects with an ileostomy. J. Agrie. Food Chem. 58 3933-3939. 

W. Mullen, T. Yokota, M.E.J. Lean, A. Crozier, Analysis of ellagitannins and conjugates of ellagic acid and quercetin in raspberry fruits by LC—AdS", Phytochem., 64(2003)617. 

Preliminary studies have shown evidence of red raspberry effects against intestinal pathogens and inflammatory mechanisms. These properties have been ascribed to the anthocyanin content, particularly the numerous cyanidin glycosides and ellagitannins, which are strongly linked to inhibiting mechanisms that initiate inflammation. 

Red raspberries contain dense contents of ellagic acid, ellagitannins, and several other polyphenols under active research for potential health benefits as anti-inflammatory factors. These phenolic compounds have importance in research on diseases that start first with inflammation, such as cancer, chronic arthritis, Alzheimer s disease, diabetes, and obesity. In research done at Cornell University, scientists studying four cul-tivars of red raspberry identified differences in polyphenol content that were directly related to the color intensity of the respective juices. The color of the juice correlated well to the anthocyanin contents of each raspberry cultivar. In the same studies, proliferation of human liver cancer cells—as part of a laboratory test of potential anticancer activity— was significantly suppressed by the raspberry polyphenols. 

Tannins Catechin polymers Epicatechin polymers Ellagitannins Proanthocyanidi ns Tannic acids Grape seed/skin, apple juice, strawberries, raspberries, pomegranate, walnuts, peach, blackberry, and plum 118]... 

Gonzalez-Barrio R, Edwards CA, Crozier A. Colonic catabolism of ellagitannins, ellagic acid, and raspberry anthocyanins In vivo and in vitro studies. Drug Metab Dispos. 2011 39 1680-1688. 

Ellagic acid and ellagitannins Blackberries, raspberries, strawberries, walnuts, pomegranates Antiproliferative, antioxidant... 

On the other hand, berry bioactive have many roles in cancer prevention and certain berries are considerably more effective than others. For example, the most active components in raspberry were the ellagitannins, but these components break down readily and the resultant products, including ellagic acid, may be the actual active components (Ross et al. 2007). Roles in cancer prevention include protection... 

Ross, H.A., McDougall, G.J., and Stewart, D. 2007. Antiproliferative activity is predominantly associated with ellagitannins in raspberry extracts. Phytochemistry 68 2l 22S. 

Figure 7.38 Raspberries contain high concentrations of two ellagitannins, sanguiin H-6and lambertianin C. When extracts are treated with acid the ellagitannins are breakdown releasing substantial quantities of ellagic acid and gallic acid.

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