Raffinose sugar beet

Raffinose Sugar beet, cotton seeds, galactose + glucose... 

Composition. Molasses composition depends on several factors, eg, locality, variety, sod, climate, and processing. Cane molasses is generally at pH 5.5—6.5 and contains 30—40 wt % sucrose and 15—20 wt % reducing sugars. Beet molasses is ca 7.5—8.6 pH, and contains ca 50—60 wt % sucrose, a trace of reducing sugars, and 0.5—2.0 wt % raffinose. Cane molasses contains less ash, less nitrogenous material, but considerably more vitamins than beet molasses. Composition of selected molasses products is Hsted in Table 7. Procedures for molasses analysis are avadable (59). 

The tetrasaccharide stachyose [470-55-3] which contains an additional (1 — 6)-1inked a-D-galactopyranosyl unit, is almost as widely distributed as raffinose, but is present in even lower concentrations. Although raffinose and stachyose occur in all parts of plants, they are concentrated in storage tissues, eg, sugar beets and beans, and leaves for the most part. 

Rafflnose was shown to have a detrimental effect in the manufacture of sucrose. Sugar beets contain a small proportion ( 0.05%) of raffinose and a sucrose content of 16%. Sugar beets serve as the main... 

Ditto ( melitose ) Crystallization of raffinose from beet-sugar molasses and Berthelot 1856 2... 

Identification of Applications. Commercial success presupposes the existence of a need that could be filled by a particular enzyme. In recent years, the development of soy protein and soy products has identified the need to eliminate the flatulence factor from these products. This led to the development of the means for producing the enzyme, stacchyase, by a commercial firm. (Interestingly, this enzyme preparation is now being promoted as an a-galactosidase to break down raffinose in beet sugar syrup.) Identification of the need therefore, preceeds commercialization, even where the specific enzyme is known to exist and where its scale-up is possible. 

Component parts. Raffinose is a trisaccharide and a minor constituent in sugar beets. See answer... 

Sugar beet molasses contains about 18% raffinose. Commercially, raffinose is removed from beet molasses through chromatographic separation. 

Raffinose is the commonest member of the group, occurring almost as widely as sucrose in plants. It exists in small amounts in sugar beet and accumulates in molasses during the commercial preparation of sucrose. Cotton seed contains about 80 g/kg of raffinose. On hydrolysis, this sugar produces glucose, fructose and galactose. 

In the production of sucrose from sugar beets (cf. 19.1.4.1.2), the enzymatic preparation from Mortiella vinacea hydrolyzes raffinose and, thus, improves the yield of granular sugar in the crystallization step. Raffinose in amounts >8% effectively prevents crystallization of sucrose. 

Raffinose a-D-Galp-(1—>6)-a-D-Glcp-(1-e 2)-p-D-Fruf Sugar beet, legumes, grapes ... 

Levans are branched polymers of D-fructofuranoses associated exclusively by P-(2->-6) glycosidic bonds. In addition to inuhn, they may also contain D-glucose as the terminal unit. Typical levans are synthesised, for example, by bacteria Bacillus subtilis from saccharose or raffinose in sugar beet juice during sugar production. Levans with l-(2 6) glycosidic bond also predominate in oats. 

TRISACCHARIDES. Trisaccharides, 3-sugar polymers, are not abundant in nature, but two trisaccharides—melezi-tose and raffinose—are found in limited amounts in certain plants. Melezitose, a component of sap in some coniferous plants, contains 2 molecules of glucose and 1 of fructose. Raffinose, which is found in sugar beets, molasses, beans, and cottonseed meal, consists of glucose, fructose, and galactose. Enzymes of the digestive tract are not capable of splitting melezitose and raffinose into monosaccharides. 

Only one tri-saccharose is important. It is known as raffinose and has the composition Ci8H320]6. It is found in beets and is present in the molasses after the sucrose sugar is crystallized out. It is also found in barley and in cotton seeds. When this tri-saccharose hydrolyzes it yields first a di-saccharose known as melibiose and a monosaccharose fructose. The di-saccharose is then further hydrolyzed and yields two molecules of mono-saccharose, viz., glucose and galactose. The complete hydrolysis of the tri-saccharose, therefore, is as follows. 

Raffinose occurs naturally in Australian manna, cottonseed meal, and seeds of various food legumes. It can be isolated from beet sugar molasses through sucrose separation, seed-crystallization, and filtration. ... 

Raffinose, C18H32O16.5H2O, is the most important trisaccharide. It yields, as the name trisaccharide implies, three hexose molecules on hydrolysis. Raffinose occurs in the molasses obtained in the manufacture of sugar from beets, in cotton-seed, in barley, and in other grains. The hydrated crystals of raffinose lose their water at 100°. The anhydrous carbohydrate melts at 118°-119°, Raffinose is dextrorotatory for the hydrated form [a]i> = 104.5°. It does not reduce Fehling s solution. On hydrolysis of raffinose, levulose, dextrose, and galactose are formed. 

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