Radiation exposure during

Koren G, Pastuszak A Prevention of unnecessary pregnancy terminations by counseling women on drug, chemical, and radiation exposure during the first trimester. Teratology 1990 41 657. [PMID 2353314]... 

Hsu, P.C. and Weng, P.S., Radiation exposure during air and ground transportation. Health Phys. 31 (1976)522-524. 

Reactor Relative Humidity Temperature Pressure (mm Accumulated Radiation Exposure During 40 yr... 

Lickfett L, Mahesh M, Vasamreddy C, et al. Radiation exposure during catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Circulation 2004 110 3003-10. 

Suitable provisions shall be made in the design and layout of the plant to minimise exposure and contamination from all sources of radioactivity. Such provisions shall include adequate design of systems and components with respect to low radiation exposure during maintenance and inspection, shielding from direct radiation, reduction of corrosion-product activation by specification of appropriate materials, means of monitoring, control of access to the plant, minimisation of the time to be spent in contaminated areas, and suitable decontamination facilities. 

At last, months late, the clinic was complete and we could begin a new examination of the children of the Nagasaki bomb, checking for the first time for effects of radiation exposure during pregnancy. 

Low aerial discharges and low radiation exposure during maintenance and control... 

FIG. 8.37. Total radiations exposure during the Rapsodie dismantling. 

The radionuclide content of all radioactive wastes decreases naturally with time. Interim storage has a useful role for wastes with short lived radionuclides, although this may imply additional radiation exposures during the interim storage period and continuing financial and other commitments. Disposal of appropriately conditioned wastes reduces the burden on future generations and avoids further occupational radiation exposures. 

This chapter should provide information on the policy, strategy, methods and provisions for radiation protection. The expected occupational radiation exposures during normal operation and anticipated operational occurrences, including measures to avoid and restrict exposure, should also be described. Further discussion on matters to be covered in this chapter of the SAR is provided in Refs [21,23,40,41]. 

Ra.dia.tlon Shielding. Like lead, bismuth absorbs radiation. Therefore, bismuth ahoys are widely used in the medical industry during radiation therapy. The ahoy is molded to the shape of various organs that are to be shielded. Then the molds are placed between the radiation source and the patient to protect the patient s vital organs from radiation exposure. 

To ensure that during normal operation, maintenance and decommissioning, and in emergency situations, the radiation exposure to both workers and the public is kept as low as reasonably achievable, economic and social factors being taken into account. 

The ineident eommander may rely on visual observation of plae-ards, labels, and manifests and information gathered during the response. Obtaining air measurements with monitoring equipment for toxie eon-eentrations of vapors, partieulates, explosive potential, and the possibility of radiation exposure is important for determining the nature, degree, and extent of the hazards [2]. 

Radiation exposure can be reduced by placing the radiation source or the potential target behind a shield that captures the radiation. During exposure to X rays for dental imaging, the patient wears a lead-lined pad, because X rays are absorbed more effectively by lead than by any other material. A lead shield a few millimeters thick is sufficient to stop X rays. 

Radiation monitors are continually employed to detect any radiation leakage during operation or source storage, and to confirm a return to satisfactory background levels within the sterilization chamber following operation. The dose delivered is dependent upon source strength and exposure period, with dwell times typically up to 20 hours duration. 

The presence of radiation in the workplace - which is an inevitable consequence of the radioactivity of uranium - requires that additional safety precautions be taken over and above those observed in other similar workplaces. There are generally three sources from which radiation exposure may occur (i) radiation emitted from uranium ore in-situ and/or during handling (ii) airborne radiation resulting from the decay of radon gas released from the ore and uranium dust and (iii) contamination by ore dust or concentrate. Radiation levels around uranium mining and milling facilities are quite low - for the most part only a few times the natural background levels - and they decrease rapidly as the distance from... 

The following expressions were employed for health risk as a result of the radiation exposure incurred during occupancy of a property the cancer risk per individual for gamma and/or for radon daughter exposure the individuals percent increase in cancer risks relative to the respective, normal cancer risks and the number of projected excess cancer deaths due to the radiation exposure (external and internal) for the number of occupants at each property. 

The effect of radiation on the thermal expansion of this toughened composite (T300/CE 339) is shown (191 in Figure 24. The thermal strains measured during the cool-down portion of the first thermal cycle (cooling from RT to -150°C) are shown for the baseline composite (no radiation exposure) and for samples exposed to total doses as high as 10 0 rads. Radiation levels, as low as 10 rads... 

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